واژگان سطح پیشرفته برای TOEFL - Argumentation

to publicly state that something is the case

اذعان کردن, ادعا کردن

to officially resolve a disagreement between people

داوری کردن, حکمیت کردن

to express if one is for or against an idea or arguement

موافقت یا مخالفت خود را اعلام کردن

to prove something or someone wrong or false through evidence or argumentation

رد کردن

to estimate something using past experiences or known data

تخمین زدن, استنتاج کردن

to suddenly interrupt someone with one’s own opinion or remark

حرف (کسی را) قطع کردن, وسط حرف (کسی) پریدن

to express one's opinion

اظهار نظر کردن, عقیده داشتن

to state one's opinion in such a manner that shows one believes to be the only person to fully know it and be unarguably correct

اظهارفضل کردن, حق به جانب صحبت کردن

to propose or assume something as true or factual, serving as the foundation for further reasoning or argumentation

مسلم فرض گرفتن

to back up or form the basis of an argument by providing support

پشتیبانی کردن, حمایت کردن

to be undecided and not know what opinion, idea, or course of action to stick to

مردد بودن, نوسان داشتن

(of an argument) directed against a person and not their point of view

شخص‌ستیز

too confident or proud in expressing oneself, in a way that is annoying to others

ازخودراضی, متکبر، خودستا

believing things easily even without much evidence that leads to being easy to deceive

زودباور

referring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution

جدلی, برهانی

acting as a conversation medium between two groups of people so they can create an argument

میانجی, واسطه

not expressing one's definite opinion or intention clearly, especially in an argument

غیرصریح, محافظه‌کارانه

involving rational arguments to support or oppose an opinion, usually the opposite of others'

مجادله‌آمیز

expressing feelings or opinions, loudly and forcefully

با صدای بلند (نظر خود را اعلام کردن), پرسروصدا

a public expression or discussion of opinions

مطرح‌شدن, طرح‌شدن

a situation in which a theory or argument cannot be true because two or more parts of it are contradictory

تناقض

the process or action of logical reasoning for persuading others

برهان (منطق)

someone whose opinion changes in accordance with the situation

آدم حزب باد

the practice of unsound reasoning and falsely arguing questions in a clever way

سفسطه, استدلال غلط و غیرمنطقی

an agreement reached by all members of a group

اتفاق‌نظر, توافق

the most important part of something on which its existence, success, or truth depends

اساس, شالوده، بنیاد

the art or practice of giving a speech or reciting a poem with expression and gestures, especially as an exercise for public speaking or performance

دکلمه

the state in which one holds two opposing ideas at the same time

دوگانه‌باوری, پندار دوگانه

the ability to deliver a clear and strong message

سخنوری, بلاغت، رسایی، شیوایی

a supporter of a theory, belief, idea, etc. who tries to persuade others that it is true or good in order to gain their support

حامی, طرف‌دار

a limitation on freedom of speech or a restriction on dissemination of information

محدودیت (آزادی بیان), منع

the state or quality of unwillingness to change one's opinion or behavior

ناسازگاری

an individual who thinks and behaves differently and independently

آدم مستقل, آدم تک‌رو

a unique approach or perspective that is centered around a particular opinion

نقطه‌نظر, نگرش

a type of logical argument that uses deductive reasoning to conclude based on two premises claimed or supposed to be true

قیاس, قیاس منطقی

used humorously to show that someone has made a good point in an argument or discussion

احسنت, گل گفتی

to involve someone in an argument, conflict, or complex situation

درگیر شدن, درگیر کردن، گرفتار شدن، گرفتار کردن