pattern

Pokročilá Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Argumentation

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slova o argumentaci, jako jsou "avow", "posit", "credulous" atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
to avow
to avow
[sloveso]

to publicly state that something is the case

prohlásit, přiznat

prohlásit, přiznat

Ex: The politician avowed their commitment to transparency and accountability in government. 
to arbitrate
to arbitrate
[sloveso]

to officially resolve a disagreement between people

rozhodovat, zprostředkovat

rozhodovat, zprostředkovat

Ex: The two companies, unable to reach an agreement, decided to have a third party arbitrate their dispute. 
to come out
to come out
[sloveso]

to express if one is for or against an idea or arguement

vyjádřit se, zaujmout stanovisko

vyjádřit se, zaujmout stanovisko

Ex: During the debate, each candidate had the opportunity to come out in favor or against the proposed policy. 
to confute
to confute
[sloveso]

to prove something or someone wrong or false through evidence or argumentation

vyvrátit, popřít

vyvrátit, popřít

Ex: The scientist confuted the flawed hypothesis with rigorous experimentation. 
to extrapolate

to estimate something using past experiences or known data

extrapolovat, odhadnout

extrapolovat, odhadnout

Ex: We can extrapolate future trends in technology based on the rapid advancements in recent years. 
to interject
to interject
[sloveso]

to insert a comment, remark, or question abruptly into a conversation

vmísit, přerušit

vmísit, přerušit

Ex: He interjected a sarcastic remark that broke the tension. 
to opine
to opine
[sloveso]

to express one's opinion

vyjádřit svůj názor, sdělit svůj postoj

vyjádřit svůj názor, sdělit svůj postoj

Ex: During the debate, each participant was given a chance to opine on the proposed policy changes. 
to pontificate

to state one's opinion in such a manner that shows one believes to be the only person to fully know it and be unarguably correct

kázat, dogmatizovat

kázat, dogmatizovat

Ex: He tends to pontificate about politics as if he knows all the answers. 
to posit
to posit
[sloveso]

to propose or assume something as true or factual, serving as the foundation for further reasoning or argumentation

předpokládat, postulovat

předpokládat, postulovat

Ex: In the scientific hypothesis, researchers often posit certain conditions to explore their potential effects on the experiment. 
to underpin
to underpin
[sloveso]

to back up or form the basis of an argument by providing support

podpořit, tvořit základ

podpořit, tvořit základ

to vacillate
to vacillate
[sloveso]

to be undecided and not know what opinion, idea, or course of action to stick to

váhat, kolísat

váhat, kolísat

Ex: She is currently vacillating on which college to attend next year. 
ad hominem
ad hominem
[Přídavné jméno]

(of an argument) directed against a person and not their point of view

ad hominem (argumentu) namířeného proti osobě a ne proti jejímu názoru

ad hominem (argumentu) namířeného proti osobě a ne proti jejímu názoru

bumptious
bumptious
[Přídavné jméno]

too confident or proud in expressing oneself, in a way that is annoying to others

domýšlivý, arogantní

domýšlivý, arogantní

Ex: She became bumptious after receiving the promotion, constantly bragging about her achievements. 
credulous
credulous
[Přídavné jméno]

believing things easily even without much evidence that leads to being easy to deceive

důvěřivý, naivní

důvěřivý, naivní

Ex: It's surprising how even educated people can be so credulous when it comes to superstitions. 
dialectical
dialectical
[Přídavné jméno]

referring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution

dialektický, týkající se dialektiky

dialektický, týkající se dialektiky

Ex: The dialectical approach to reasoning involves engaging with opposing arguments to uncover underlying truths. 
intermediary
intermediary
[Přídavné jméno]

acting as a conversation medium between two groups of people so they can create an argument

zprostředkující

zprostředkující

non-committal
non-committal
[Přídavné jméno]

not expressing one's definite opinion or intention clearly, especially in an argument

nejasný, nezávazný

nejasný, nezávazný

polemic
polemic
[Přídavné jméno]

involving rational arguments to support or oppose an opinion, usually the opposite of others'

polemický

polemický

Ex: The writer's polemic article sparked heated debates among readers. 
vociferous
vociferous
[Přídavné jméno]

expressing feelings or opinions, loudly and forcefully

hlučný, prudký

hlučný, prudký

Ex: The opposition party voiced vociferous complaints about the new tax policy during the legislative session. 
airing
airing
[Podstatné jméno]

a public expression or discussion of opinions

vysílání, veřejné vyjádření

vysílání, veřejné vyjádření

aporia
aporia
[Podstatné jméno]

a situation in which a theory or argument cannot be true because two or more parts of it are contradictory

aporía, teoretická slepá ulička

aporía, teoretická slepá ulička

argumentation
argumentation
[Podstatné jméno]

the process or action of logical reasoning for persuading others

argumentace

argumentace

chameleon
chameleon
[Podstatné jméno]

someone whose opinion changes in accordance with the situation

chameleon, oportunista

chameleon, oportunista

casuistry
casuistry
[Podstatné jméno]

the practice of unsound reasoning and falsely arguing questions in a clever way

kazuistika, sofistika

kazuistika, sofistika

consensus
consensus
[Podstatné jméno]

an agreement reached by all members of a group

konsenzus, shoda

konsenzus, shoda

Ex: The team reached a consensus on the new project timeline after extensive discussions. 
cornerstone
cornerstone
[Podstatné jméno]

the most important part of something on which its existence, success, or truth depends

základní kámen, základ

základní kámen, základ

Ex: Trust is the cornerstone of any healthy relationship. 
declamation
declamation
[Podstatné jméno]

the art or practice of giving a speech or reciting a poem with expression and gestures, especially as an exercise for public speaking or performance

deklamace, řečnické umění

deklamace, řečnické umění

Ex: The actor's declamation of Shakespeare's monologue was a captivating performance, as he skillfully conveyed the character's emotions through his expressive delivery. 
doublethink
doublethink
[Podstatné jméno]

the state in which one holds two opposing ideas at the same time

dvojité myšlení, dvojmyšlení

dvojité myšlení, dvojmyšlení

eloquence
eloquence
[Podstatné jméno]

the ability to deliver a clear and strong message

výmluvnost, schopnost předat jasné a silné poselství

výmluvnost, schopnost předat jasné a silné poselství

Ex: The politician's eloquence captivated the audience and earned a standing ovation. 
exponent
exponent
[Podstatné jméno]

a supporter of a theory, belief, idea, etc. who tries to persuade others that it is true or good in order to gain their support

stoupenec, obhájce

stoupenec, obhájce

Ex: He is a leading exponent of renewable energy, advocating for its benefits at every opportunity. 
gag
gag
[Podstatné jméno]

a limitation on freedom of speech or a restriction on dissemination of information

roubík, cenzura

roubík, cenzura

intransigence
intransigence
[Podstatné jméno]

unwillingness to agree about something or change one's views

neústupnost, neoblomnost

neústupnost, neoblomnost

Ex: His intransigence during the negotiations made it impossible to reach a deal. 
maverick
maverick
[Podstatné jméno]

an individual who thinks and behaves differently and independently

individualista, nekonformní

individualista, nekonformní

Ex: He was known as a maverick in the tech industry, always innovating. 
slant
slant
[Podstatné jméno]

a biased or subjective angle in presenting information, often reflecting personal or ideological viewpoints

sklon, orientace

sklon, orientace

Ex: The article had a clear political slant. 
syllogism
syllogism
[Podstatné jméno]

a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion that logically follows from them

sylogismus, sylogistická úvaha

sylogismus, sylogistická úvaha

Ex: The classic syllogism goes: All humans are mortal; Socrates is human; therefore, Socrates is mortal. 
touche
touche
[Citoslovce]

used humorously to show that someone has made a good point in an argument or discussion

dotek

dotek

Ex: Your critique of my argument's weak points was sharp, touché. 
to embroil
to embroil
[sloveso]

to involve someone in an argument, conflict, or complex situation

zapletat, zamotat

zapletat, zamotat

Ex: He inadvertently embroiled himself in a heated debate at the family gathering by expressing a controversial opinion. 
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