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Vocabulario Avanzado para el TOEFL - Argumentación

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre la argumentación, como "avow", "posit", "credulous", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
to avow
to avow
[Verbo]

to publicly state that something is the case

declarar

declarar

Ex: The politician avowed their commitment to transparency and accountability in government. 
to arbitrate

to officially resolve a disagreement between people

arbitrar

arbitrar

Ex: The two companies, unable to reach an agreement, decided to have a third party arbitrate their dispute. 
to come out

to express if one is for or against an idea or arguement

declararse en /en contra de algo

declararse en /en contra de algo

Ex: During the debate, each candidate had the opportunity to come out in favor or against the proposed policy. 
to confute
to confute
[Verbo]

to prove something or someone wrong or false through evidence or argumentation

refutar

refutar

Ex: The scientist confuted the flawed hypothesis with rigorous experimentation. 
to extrapolate

to estimate something using past experiences or known data

extrapolar

extrapolar

Ex: We can extrapolate future trends in technology based on the rapid advancements in recent years. 
to interject

to insert a comment, remark, or question abruptly into a conversation

interponer

interponer

Ex: He interjected a sarcastic remark that broke the tension. 
to opine
to opine
[Verbo]

to express one's opinion

opinar

opinar

Ex: During the debate, each participant was given a chance to opine on the proposed policy changes. 
to pontificate

to state one's opinion in such a manner that shows one believes to be the only person to fully know it and be unarguably correct

pontificar

pontificar

Ex: He tends to pontificate about politics as if he knows all the answers. 
to posit
to posit
[Verbo]

to propose or assume something as true or factual, serving as the foundation for further reasoning or argumentation

postular, plantear

postular, plantear

Ex: In the scientific hypothesis, researchers often posit certain conditions to explore their potential effects on the experiment. 
to underpin

to back up or form the basis of an argument by providing support

apoyar, respaldar

apoyar, respaldar

to vacillate

to be undecided and not know what opinion, idea, or course of action to stick to

vacilar

vacilar

Ex: She is currently vacillating on which college to attend next year. 
ad hominem
ad hominem
[Adjetivo]

(of an argument) directed against a person and not their point of view

ad hominem

ad hominem

bumptious
bumptious
[Adjetivo]

too confident or proud in expressing oneself, in a way that is annoying to others

presuntuoso

presuntuoso

Ex: She became bumptious after receiving the promotion, constantly bragging about her achievements. 
credulous
credulous
[Adjetivo]

believing things easily even without much evidence that leads to being easy to deceive

crédulo

crédulo

Ex: It's surprising how even educated people can be so credulous when it comes to superstitions. 
dialectical
dialectical
[Adjetivo]

referring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution

dialéctico

dialéctico

Ex: The dialectical approach to reasoning involves engaging with opposing arguments to uncover underlying truths. 
intermediary
intermediary
[Adjetivo]

acting as a conversation medium between two groups of people so they can create an argument

intermediario

intermediario

non-committal
non-committal
[Adjetivo]

not expressing one's definite opinion or intention clearly, especially in an argument

que no se compromete

que no se compromete

polemic
polemic
[Adjetivo]

involving rational arguments to support or oppose an opinion, usually the opposite of others'

polémico

polémico

Ex: The writer's polemic article sparked heated debates among readers. 
vociferous
vociferous
[Adjetivo]

expressing feelings or opinions, loudly and forcefully

vociferante, vehemente

vociferante, vehemente

Ex: The opposition party voiced vociferous complaints about the new tax policy during the legislative session. 
airing
airing
[Sustantivo]

a public expression or discussion of opinions

aireación, ventilación

aireación, ventilación

aporia
aporia
[Sustantivo]

a situation in which a theory or argument cannot be true because two or more parts of it are contradictory

aporía

aporía

argumentation
argumentation
[Sustantivo]

the process or action of logical reasoning for persuading others

argumentación, argumento

argumentación, argumento

chameleon
chameleon
[Sustantivo]

someone whose opinion changes in accordance with the situation

camaleón

camaleón

casuistry
casuistry
[Sustantivo]

the practice of unsound reasoning and falsely arguing questions in a clever way

casuística

casuística

consensus
consensus
[Sustantivo]

an agreement reached by all members of a group

consenso

consenso

Ex: The team reached a consensus on the new project timeline after extensive discussions. 
cornerstone
cornerstone
[Sustantivo]

the most important part of something on which its existence, success, or truth depends

piedra angular

piedra angular

Ex: Trust is the cornerstone of any healthy relationship. 
declamation
declamation
[Sustantivo]

the art or practice of giving a speech or reciting a poem with expression and gestures, especially as an exercise for public speaking or performance

declamación, arte oratorio

declamación, arte oratorio

Ex: The actor's declamation of Shakespeare's monologue was a captivating performance, as he skillfully conveyed the character's emotions through his expressive delivery. 
doublethink
doublethink
[Sustantivo]

the state in which one holds two opposing ideas at the same time

doblepensar

doblepensar

eloquence
eloquence
[Sustantivo]

the ability to deliver a clear and strong message

elocuencia

elocuencia

Ex: The politician's eloquence captivated the audience and earned a standing ovation. 
exponent
exponent
[Sustantivo]

a supporter of a theory, belief, idea, etc. who tries to persuade others that it is true or good in order to gain their support

exponente, defensor

exponente, defensor

Ex: He is a leading exponent of renewable energy, advocating for its benefits at every opportunity. 
gag
gag
[Sustantivo]

a limitation on freedom of speech or a restriction on dissemination of information

mordaza

mordaza

intransigence
intransigence
[Sustantivo]

unwillingness to agree about something or change one's views

intransigencia

intransigencia

Ex: His intransigence during the negotiations made it impossible to reach a deal. 
maverick
maverick
[Sustantivo]

an individual who thinks and behaves differently and independently

inconformista

inconformista

Ex: He was known as a maverick in the tech industry, always innovating. 
slant
slant
[Sustantivo]

a biased or subjective angle in presenting information, often reflecting personal or ideological viewpoints

enfoque, punto de vista

enfoque, punto de vista

Ex: The article had a clear political slant. 
syllogism
syllogism
[Sustantivo]

a form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion that logically follows from them

silogismo

silogismo

Ex: The classic syllogism goes: All humans are mortal; Socrates is human; therefore, Socrates is mortal. 
touche
touche
[interjección]

used humorously to show that someone has made a good point in an argument or discussion

tienes razón

tienes razón

Ex: Your critique of my argument's weak points was sharp, touché. 
to embroil
to embroil
[Verbo]

to involve someone in an argument, conflict, or complex situation

enredar

enredar

Ex: He inadvertently embroiled himself in a heated debate at the family gathering by expressing a controversial opinion. 
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