المفردات المتقدمة للاختبار TOEFL - Argumentation

to publicly state that something is the case

يُعلن, يصرح

to officially resolve a disagreement between people

تحكيم, يحل النزاع

to express if one is for or against an idea or arguement

يعلن عن موقفه, يعبر عن رأيه

to prove something or someone wrong or false through evidence or argumentation

دحض, نقض

to estimate something using past experiences or known data

يستنتج, يستخلص

to suddenly interrupt someone with one’s own opinion or remark

يتدخل, يقطع

to express one's opinion

يعبّر عن رأيه, يبدي رأيه

to state one's opinion in such a manner that shows one believes to be the only person to fully know it and be unarguably correct

يتحدث بتعالي, يدلي برأيه بفخر

to propose or assume something as true or factual, serving as the foundation for further reasoning or argumentation

افترض, اقتراح

to back up or form the basis of an argument by providing support

تدعيم, أساس

to be undecided and not know what opinion, idea, or course of action to stick to

يتذبذب, يُتردد

(of an argument) directed against a person and not their point of view

أد هومينيم

too confident or proud in expressing oneself, in a way that is annoying to others

مغرور, متفاخر

believing things easily even without much evidence that leads to being easy to deceive

ساذج, غبي

referring to the method of argumentation or discourse that involves the exchange of opposing ideas or viewpoints in order to reach a deeper understanding or resolution

جدلي

acting as a conversation medium between two groups of people so they can create an argument

وسيط, نتيجة

not expressing one's definite opinion or intention clearly, especially in an argument

غير ملزم, غير واضح

involving rational arguments to support or oppose an opinion, usually the opposite of others'

جدلي, مثير للجدل

expressing feelings or opinions, loudly and forcefully

صاخب, مجلجل

a public expression or discussion of opinions

عرض, نقاش

a situation in which a theory or argument cannot be true because two or more parts of it are contradictory

الأبوريا, تناقض

the process or action of logical reasoning for persuading others

حجة, منطق الإقناع

someone whose opinion changes in accordance with the situation

حربأء, انتهازي

the practice of unsound reasoning and falsely arguing questions in a clever way

الفكر الاستثنائي

an agreement reached by all members of a group

إجماع, توافق

the most important part of something on which its existence, success, or truth depends

حجر الزاوية, أساس

the art or practice of giving a speech or reciting a poem with expression and gestures, especially as an exercise for public speaking or performance

الإعلان

the state in which one holds two opposing ideas at the same time

فكر مزدوج, افتراض مزدوج

the ability to deliver a clear and strong message

بلاغة

a supporter of a theory, belief, idea, etc. who tries to persuade others that it is true or good in order to gain their support

مدافع, ناشط

a limitation on freedom of speech or a restriction on dissemination of information

رقابة, تقييد

the state or quality of unwillingness to change one's opinion or behavior

التصلب, العناد

an individual who thinks and behaves differently and independently

مُخالف, مستقل

a unique approach or perspective that is centered around a particular opinion

منظور, وجهة نظر

a type of logical argument that uses deductive reasoning to conclude based on two premises claimed or supposed to be true

قياس

used humorously to show that someone has made a good point in an argument or discussion

أحسنت, لمست الجرح

to involve someone in an argument, conflict, or complex situation

تورط, شغل