Необхідний Словниковий Запас для GRE - Мовні та літературні засоби

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

діалект

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

синтаксис, структура речень

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

схилення, граматичне схилення

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

флексія, відміна

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

спрягати, кон'югувати

a change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject

інверсія, зміна порядку слів

(grammar) a particular form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that acts as the direct object of a verb or preposition, used in some languages such as Greek or Latin

акузатив

(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective that is used when addressing a particular person or thing

кличний відмінок

relating to a grammatical case that is used to indicate possession, origin, or a close association

генетивний

‌(of verbs) a form or mood that represents possibility, doubt, or wishes

сослагальний спосіб

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that is used to show by what means or by whom an action is done or to indicate the source of the action, found in some languages such as Latin or Sanskrit

аблятив

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that shows the place of an action or where a person or thing is

локатив

(grammar) describing an adjective or noun following a linking verb and completing the meaning of the copula

предикативний, предикативна

a grammatical case used for the subject of a sentence or clause

називний

(grammar)(of a noun or adjective) joined directly to a noun and modifying it, without a linking verb

атрибутивний, атрибутивна

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

ізъявний спосіб

(grammar) a function word that is used to form a question

запитальне слово, інтерогатив

(grammar) a gender of words that are neither masculine nor feminine

нейтральний рід

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

афікс, префікс/суфікс

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

алітерація

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

іронія

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

алюзія, посилання

humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

сатира, сатири

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

евфемізм

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

аналогія, мовна аналогія

(of a person) able to express thoughts or ideas in a clear and consistent manner

логічний, узгоджений

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

етимологія

(of people) unable to express oneself clearly or easily

неясний, недомовлений

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

тавтологія

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used

прагматика

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

фонетика

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

фонема

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

морфема

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

лексема, лексична одиниця

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

аллофон, варіант фонеми

(grammar) the act of omitting a word or words from a sentence, when the meaning is complete and the omission is understood from the context

еліпсис, пропуск

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

омонім

(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

омофон

(phonetics) a gliding speech sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable

діфтонг

a word that mimics the sound it represents

ономатопея