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Nödvändigt Ordförråd för GRE - Språk och Litterära Anordningar

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord om språk, såsom "locative", "neuter", "irony", etc., som behövs för GRE-provet.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
dialect
dialect
[Substantiv]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialekt, mål

dialekt, mål

Ex: African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is a dialect spoken primarily by African American communities in the United States, characterized by distinctive grammar, vocabulary, and intonation patterns. 

Afroamerikansk vardagsengelsk (AAVE) är en dialekt som huvudsakligen talas av afroamerikanska samhällen i USA, kännetecknad av särskild grammatik, ordförråd och intonationsmönster.

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syntax
syntax
[Substantiv]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

syntax, grammatisk struktur

syntax, grammatisk struktur

Ex: The syntax of English typically follows a subject-verb-object order, but this structure can vary significantly across different languages. 

Engelskans syntax följer vanligtvis en subjekt-verb-objekt ordning, men denna struktur kan variera avsevärt mellan olika språk.

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declension
declension
[Substantiv]

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

deklination, nominalböjning

deklination, nominalböjning

Ex: The Old English language had a complex system of declension, with different forms for nouns depending on case, number, and gender. 

Fornengelska språket hade ett komplext system av deklinering, med olika former för substantiv beroende på fall, numerus och genus.

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inflection
inflection
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

böjning, ändelse

böjning, ändelse

Ex: Inflection can change the meaning of a word significantly. 

Böjning kan ändra betydelsen av ett ord avsevärt.

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to conjugate

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

böja

böja

Ex: The linguistics professor explained how different languages conjugate verbs differently based on their grammatical structures. 

Lingvistikprofessorn förklarade hur olika språk böjer verb olika beroende på deras grammatiska strukturer.

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inversion
inversion
[Substantiv]

a change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject

inversion, omvändning

inversion, omvändning

Ex: "Gone are the days of summer" is an example of inversion for emphasis. 

"Gone are the days of summer" är ett exempel på inversion för betoning.

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accusative
accusative
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a particular form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that acts as the direct object of a verb or preposition, used in some languages such as Greek or Latin

ackusativ, ackusativform

ackusativ, ackusativform

Ex: Students learned to identify the accusative in various Latin sentences. 

Eleverna lärde sig att identifiera ackusativ i olika latinska meningar.

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vocative
vocative
[Substantiv]

(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective that is used when addressing a particular person or thing

vokativ, tilltalsform

vokativ, tilltalsform

Ex: The use of the vocative in dialogue can add a personal touch to the narrative. 

Användningen av vokativ i dialog kan lägga till en personlig touch till berättelsen.

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genitive
genitive
[adjektiv]

relating to a grammatical case that is used to indicate possession, origin, or a close association

genitiv, som avser genitiv

genitiv, som avser genitiv

Ex: The article analyzed the morphological changes in the genitive case. 

Artikeln analyserade de morfologiska förändringarna i genitiv.

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subjunctive
subjunctive
[Substantiv]

‌(of verbs) a form or mood that represents possibility, doubt, or wishes

konjunktiv

konjunktiv

Ex: Students practiced using the subjunctive to express wishes and hypothetical situations. 

Eleverna övade på att använda konjunktiv för att uttrycka önskningar och hypotetiska situationer.

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ablative
ablative
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that is used to show by what means or by whom an action is done or to indicate the source of the action, found in some languages such as Latin or Sanskrit

ablativ, ablativform

ablativ, ablativform

Ex: Students often struggle to understand the different uses of the ablative in classical texts. 

Studenter kämpar ofta med att förstå de olika användningsområdena för ablativen i klassiska texter.

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locative
locative
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that shows the place of an action or where a person or thing is

lokativ, lokativ kasus

lokativ, lokativ kasus

Ex: Sanskrit employs the locative to indicate location, like "grame" meaning "in the village." 

Sanskrit använder lokativ för att ange plats, som "grame" som betyder "i byn".

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predicative
predicative
[adjektiv]

(grammar) describing an adjective or noun following a linking verb and completing the meaning of the copula

predikativ, attributiv

predikativ, attributiv

Ex: The predicative phrase "a good student" describes her academic performance. 

Den predikativa frasen "en bra student" beskriver hennes akademiska prestation.

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nominative
nominative
[Substantiv]

a grammatical case used for the subject of a sentence or clause

nominativ, nominativfall

nominativ, nominativfall

Ex: Understanding noun cases, including nominative, improves grammatical accuracy. 

Att förstå substantivens kasus, inklusive nominativ, förbättrar grammatisk noggrannhet.

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attributive
attributive
[adjektiv]

(grammar)(of a noun or adjective) joined directly to a noun and modifying it, without a linking verb

attributiv, epitet

attributiv, epitet

Ex: Understanding the placement of attributives is important in sentence structure. 

Att förstå placeringen av attribut är viktigt i meningsstrukturen.

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indicative
indicative
[Substantiv]

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

indikativ

indikativ

Ex: The indicative in Greek indicates assertions or queries without doubt. 

Den indikativa i grekiska indikerar påståenden eller frågor utan tvekan.

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interrogative
interrogative
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a function word that is used to form a question

interrogativ, frågeord

interrogativ, frågeord

Ex: The teacher encouraged students to practice using interrogatives in their dialogues. 

Läraren uppmuntrade eleverna att öva på att använda frågeord i sina dialoger.

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neuter
neuter
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a gender of words that are neither masculine nor feminine

neutrum, neutrum genus

neutrum, neutrum genus

Ex: Neuter in Indo-European languages can be objects or concepts. 

Neutrum i indoeuropeiska språk kan vara föremål eller begrepp.

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affix
affix
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

affix, suffix/prefix

affix, suffix/prefix

Ex: The teacher explained the function of affixes in various languages. 

Läraren förklarade funktionen av affix i olika språk.

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alliteration
alliteration
[Substantiv]

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

allitteration

allitteration

Ex: Writers use alliteration to enhance the mood and tone of their writing. 

Författare använder allitteration för att förbättra stämningen och tonen i deras skrivande.

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irony
irony
[Substantiv]

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ironi

ironi

Ex: The comedian’s irony added humor to his harsh social commentary. 

Komikerns ironi lade humor till hans hårda sociala kommentar.

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allusion
allusion
[Substantiv]

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

anspelning, hänvisning

anspelning, hänvisning

Ex: The movie was filled with allusions to classic films, creating a rich tapestry of references for cinema buffs to enjoy. 

Filmen var fylld med anspelningar på klassiska filmer, vilket skapade en rik tapet av referenser för filmälskare att njuta av.

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satire
satire
[Substantiv]

humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

satir, ironi

satir, ironi

Ex: The play used satire to critique the shallowness of modern consumer culture. 

Pjäsen använde satir för att kritisera modern konsumkulturs ytlighet.

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euphemism
euphemism
[Substantiv]

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

eufemism, förskönande uttryck

eufemism, förskönande uttryck

Ex: Companies often use the euphemism 'downsizing' instead of 'layoffs' to describe the process of reducing their workforce. 

Företag använder ofta eufemismer 'nedskärningar' istället för 'uppsägningar' för att beskriva processen att minska sin arbetsstyrka.

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analogy
analogy
[Substantiv]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogi, parallell

analogi, parallell

Ex: The study of analogy shows how language adapts to the needs of its speakers. 
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coherent
coherent
[adjektiv]

(of a person) able to express thoughts or ideas in a clear and consistent manner

sammanhängande, logisk

sammanhängande, logisk

Ex: As a leader, he is coherent in his decision-making, ensuring everyone understands his reasoning. 

Som ledare är han sammanhängande i sitt beslutsfattande, och ser till att alla förstår hans resonemang.

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etymology
etymology
[Substantiv]

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

etymologi

etymologi

Ex: Etymology sheds light on cultural exchanges and historical influences on language. 

Etymologi belyser kulturella utbyten och historiska influenser på språket.

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inarticulate
inarticulate
[adjektiv]

(of people) unable to express oneself clearly or easily

oartikulerad, svårt att uttrycka sig

oartikulerad, svårt att uttrycka sig

Ex: Inarticulate protests often fail to convey the depth of public dissatisfaction. 

Oartikulerade protester misslyckas ofta med att förmedla djupet av allmän missnöje.

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tautology
tautology
[Substantiv]

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

tautologi, redundans

tautologi, redundans

Ex: An example of tautology is the phrase "free gift," where the word "gift" inherently implies that it is free. 

Ett exempel på tautologi är frasen "gratis gåva", där ordet "gåva" redan innebär att den är gratis.

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pragmatics
pragmatics
[Substantiv]

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used

pragmatik, språklig pragmatik

pragmatik, språklig pragmatik

Ex: Language learners benefit from studying pragmatics to use language appropriately in various situations. 

Språkinlärare drar nytta av att studera pragmatik för att använda språket på ett lämpligt sätt i olika situationer.

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phonetics
phonetics
[Substantiv]

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

fonetik

fonetik

Ex: In phonetics, the study of articulatory phonetics focuses on how speech sounds are physically produced by the human vocal tract. 
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phoneme
phoneme
[Substantiv]

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

fonem, ljudenhet

fonem, ljudenhet

Ex: Identifying phonemes is crucial for understanding the sound system of a language and its phonological rules. 

Att identifiera fonem är avgörande för att förstå ett språks ljudsystem och dess fonologiska regler.

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morpheme
morpheme
[Substantiv]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfem, minsta meningsbärande enhet

morfem, minsta meningsbärande enhet

Ex: Morphemes can be free, like "book," or bound, like the suffix "-ed" which indicates past tense. 

Morfem kan vara fria, som "bok", eller bundna, som suffixet "-ed" som indikerar förfluten tid.

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lexeme
lexeme
[Substantiv]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

lexem, grundläggande språkenhet

lexem, grundläggande språkenhet

Ex: The lexeme "go" encompasses various forms such as "went," "going," and "goes," each conveying different aspects of the verb's meaning. 

Lexemet "gå" omfattar olika former som "gick", "gående" och "går", var och en förmedlar olika aspekter av verbets betydelse.

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allophone
allophone
[Substantiv]

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

en allofon,  en variant uttal av ett fonem

en allofon, en variant uttal av ett fonem

Ex: Allophones can differ in their articulation but do not change the meaning of a word. 

Allofoner kan skilja sig åt i sin artikulation men förändrar inte betydelsen av ett ord.

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ellipsis
ellipsis
[Substantiv]

(grammar) the act of omitting a word or words from a sentence, when the meaning is complete and the omission is understood from the context

ellips, utelämnande

ellips, utelämnande

Ex: The use of ellipsis in poetry creates suspense or ambiguity for the reader. 

Användningen av ellips i poesi skapar spänning eller tvetydighet för läsaren.

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homonym
homonym
[Substantiv]

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

homonym, homofon

homonym, homofon

Ex: "Lead" and "lead" are the same homonym, but one refers to a soft metal, and the other means to guide or direct. 

Homonym och 'bly' är samma homonym, men en hänvisar till en mjuk metall, och den andra betyder att leda eller styra.

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homophone
homophone
[Substantiv]

(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

homofon, homofont ord

homofon, homofont ord

Ex: "Seas" and "sees" are homophones, even though they refer to different things. 

"Seas" och "sees" är homofoner, även om de hänvisar till olika saker.

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diphthong
diphthong
[Substantiv]

(phonetics) a gliding speech sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable

diftong, dubbelvokal

diftong, dubbelvokal

Ex: Understanding diphthongs helps in mastering pronunciation in foreign languages. 

Att förstå diftonger hjälper till att bemästra uttalet på främmande språk.

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onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
[Substantiv]

a word that mimics the sound it represents

onomatopoet, ord som härmar det ljud det representerar

onomatopoet, ord som härmar det ljud det representerar

Ex: Children's literature frequently uses onomatopoeia to engage young readers. 

Barnlitteratur använder ofta onomatopoet för att engagera unga läsare.

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