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Vocabulario Esencial para el GRE - Lengua Franca

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre idioma, como "locative", "neuter", "irony", etc. que se necesitan para el examen GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
dialect
dialect
[Sustantivo]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialecto

dialecto

Ex: Social dialects, such as sociolects and ethnolects, can be influenced by factors such as social class, ethnicity, or education level. 

Los dialectos sociales, como los sociolectos y los etnolectos, pueden estar influenciados por factores como la clase social, la etnia o el nivel educativo.

syntax
syntax
[Sustantivo]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

sintaxis

sintaxis

Ex: Linguists study syntax to uncover the underlying principles that dictate how different languages form sentences. 

Los lingüistas estudian la sintaxis para descubrir los principios subyacentes que dictan cómo las diferentes lenguas forman oraciones.

declension
declension
[Sustantivo]

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

declinación

declinación

Ex: The Old English language had a complex system of declension, with different forms for nouns depending on case, number, and gender. 

El idioma inglés antiguo tenía un sistema complejo de declinación, con diferentes formas para los sustantivos dependiendo del caso, número y género.

inflection
inflection
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

flexión, desinencia

flexión, desinencia

Ex: Noun inflections in Russian indicate case, number, and gender. 

Las flexiones nominales en ruso indican caso, número y género.

to conjugate

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

conjugar

conjugar

Ex: In Spanish class, we learned how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense. 

En la clase de español, aprendimos a conjugar los verbos regulares en el tiempo presente.

inversion
inversion
[Sustantivo]

a change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject

inversión

inversión

Ex: Inversion can add dramatic effect, as seen in "Never have I seen such beauty." 

La inversión puede añadir un efecto dramático, como se ve en « Nunca he visto tal belleza. »

accusative
accusative
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a particular form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that acts as the direct object of a verb or preposition, used in some languages such as Greek or Latin

acusativo

acusativo

Ex: In ancient Greek, the accusative often denotes motion towards something. 

En griego antiguo, el acusativo a menudo denota movimiento hacia algo.

vocative
vocative
[Sustantivo]

(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective that is used when addressing a particular person or thing

vocativo

vocativo

Ex: In Ancient Greek, the vocative often has a specific ending change for direct address. 

En griego antiguo, el vocativo a menudo tiene un cambio de terminación específico para el tratamiento directo.

genitive
genitive
[Adjetivo]

relating to a grammatical case that is used to indicate possession, origin, or a close association

genitivo

genitivo

Ex: The article analyzed the morphological changes in the genitive case. 

El artículo analizó los cambios morfológicos en el caso genitivo.

subjunctive
subjunctive
[Sustantivo]

‌(of verbs) a form or mood that represents possibility, doubt, or wishes

subjuntivo

subjuntivo

Ex: The subjunctive can change the tone of a sentence, making it more formal or polite. 

El subjuntivo puede cambiar el tono de una oración, haciéndola más formal o educada.

ablative
ablative
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that is used to show by what means or by whom an action is done or to indicate the source of the action, found in some languages such as Latin or Sanskrit

ablativo

ablativo

Ex: Translating the phrase required careful consideration of the ablative to convey the correct meaning. 

Traducir la frase requería una consideración cuidadosa del ablativo para transmitir el significado correcto.

locative
locative
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that shows the place of an action or where a person or thing is

locativo

locativo

Ex: Mastering the locative is important for accurately describing locations in various languages. 

Dominar el locativo es importante para describir con precisión las ubicaciones en varios idiomas.

predicative
predicative
[Adjetivo]

(grammar) describing an adjective or noun following a linking verb and completing the meaning of the copula

predicativo

predicativo

Ex: In Spanish, the predicative adjective agrees with the subject in gender and number. 

En español, el adjetivo predicativo concuerda con el sujeto en género y número.

nominative
nominative
[Sustantivo]

a grammatical case used for the subject of a sentence or clause

nominativo

nominativo

Ex: In Latin, "puella" (girl) is in the nominative when it is the subject of the sentence. 

En latín, "puella" (niña) está en nominativo cuando es el sujeto de la oración.

attributive
attributive
[Adjetivo]

(grammar)(of a noun or adjective) joined directly to a noun and modifying it, without a linking verb

atributivo

atributivo

Ex: The use of attributives helps in creating vivid descriptions in writing. 

El uso de atributivos ayuda a crear descripciones vívidas en la escritura.

indicative
indicative
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

indicativo

indicativo

Ex: Understanding verb conjugation in the indicative is essential for grammar proficiency. 

Entender la conjugación verbal en el indicativo es esencial para dominar la gramática.

interrogative
interrogative
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a function word that is used to form a question

interrogativo

interrogativo

Ex: Forming interrogatives correctly is important for effective communication. 

Formar interrogativos correctamente es importante para una comunicación efectiva.

neuter
neuter
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a gender of words that are neither masculine nor feminine

neutro

neutro

Ex: The linguist discussed the concept of neuter in grammatical gender. 

El lingüista discutió el concepto de neutro en el género gramatical.

affix
affix
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

afijo

afijo

Ex: Learning affixes helps in understanding the etymology of words. 

Aprender los afijos ayuda a comprender la etimología de las palabras.

alliteration
alliteration
[Sustantivo]

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

aliteración

aliteración

Ex: Alliteration is a common feature in tongue twisters. 

Alineación es una característica común en los trabalenguas.

irony
irony
[Sustantivo]

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ironía

ironía

Ex: His speech was filled with irony, making fun of the company’s so-called "success." 

Su discurso estuvo lleno de ironía, burlándose del llamado «éxito» de la empresa.

allusion
allusion
[Sustantivo]

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

alusión, referencia

alusión, referencia

Ex: In his speech, he made an allusion to the Trojan War, drawing a parallel between their struggle and that of ancient heroes. 

En su discurso, hizo una alusión a la Guerra de Troya, estableciendo un paralelismo entre su lucha y la de los héroes antiguos.

satire
satire
[Sustantivo]

humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

sátira

sátira

Ex: The cartoonist's satire of political leaders sparked public debate. 

La sátira del caricaturista sobre los líderes políticos provocó un debate público.

euphemism
euphemism
[Sustantivo]

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

eufemismo

eufemismo

Ex: The phrase 'passed away' is a common euphemism for 'died,' used to soften the harsh reality of death. 

La frase 'passed away' es un eufemismo común para 'died', utilizado para suavizar la dura realidad de la muerte.

analogy
analogy
[Sustantivo]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogía

analogía

Ex: Many children use analogy to form new words by mimicking the sounds of existing ones. 

Muchos niños usan la analogía para formar nuevas palabras imitando los sonidos de las existentes.

coherent
coherent
[Adjetivo]

(of a person) able to express thoughts or ideas in a clear and consistent manner

capaz de hablar coherentemente

capaz de hablar coherentemente

Ex: She is a coherent speaker, always presenting her ideas in an organized way. 

Ella es una oradora coherente, siempre presentando sus ideas de manera organizada.

etymology
etymology
[Sustantivo]

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

etimología

etimología

Ex: The dictionary includes information on the etymology of words to provide linguistic context. 

El diccionario incluye información sobre la etimología de las palabras para proporcionar contexto lingüístico.

inarticulate
inarticulate
[Adjetivo]

(of people) unable to express oneself clearly or easily

poco elocuente, con dificultad para expresarse

poco elocuente, con dificultad para expresarse

Ex: The toddler's inarticulate babbling amused her parents, who tried to decipher her meaning. 

El balbuceo inarticulado del niño pequeño divertía a sus padres, que intentaban descifrar su significado.

tautology
tautology
[Sustantivo]

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

tautología

tautología

Ex: In linguistics, a tautology is the redundant repetition of an idea, where the same concept is expressed multiple times in different words. 

En lingüística, una tautología es la repetición redundante de una idea, donde el mismo concepto se expresa múltiples veces con palabras diferentes.

pragmatics
pragmatics
[Sustantivo]

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used

pragmática, pragmalingüística

pragmática, pragmalingüística

Ex: Pragmatics explains why the same words can have different meanings in different contexts. 

La pragmática explica por qué las mismas palabras pueden tener significados diferentes en diferentes contextos.

phonetics
phonetics
[Sustantivo]

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

fonética

fonética

Ex: The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation used to represent the sounds of spoken language in a standardized way. 

El alfabeto fonético internacional (AFI) es un sistema de notación fonética utilizado para representar los sonidos del lenguaje hablado de manera estandarizada.

phoneme
phoneme
[Sustantivo]

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

fonema

fonema

Ex: Phonemes are abstract units that are realized as various allophones in different phonetic contexts. 

Los fonemas son unidades abstractas que se realizan como varios alófonos en diferentes contextos fonéticos.

morpheme
morpheme
[Sustantivo]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfema

morfema

Ex: Understanding morphemes helps linguists analyze how words are formed and how they convey meaning. 

Entender los morfemas ayuda a los lingüistas a analizar cómo se forman las palabras y cómo transmiten significado.

lexeme
lexeme
[Sustantivo]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

lexema

lexema

Ex: Linguists study lexemes to understand how words are related morphologically and semantically within a language. 

Los lingüistas estudian los lexemas para entender cómo las palabras están relacionadas morfológica y semánticamente dentro de un idioma.

allophone
allophone
[Sustantivo]

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

alófono

alófono

Ex: Linguists analyze the distribution of allophones within a language to understand its phonological rules and patterns. 

Los lingüistas analizan la distribución de los alófonos dentro de un idioma para entender sus reglas y patrones fonológicos.

ellipsis
ellipsis
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) the act of omitting a word or words from a sentence, when the meaning is complete and the omission is understood from the context

ellipsis

ellipsis

Ex: Ellipses are commonly used in academic writing to condense quotations without altering meaning. 

Las elipsis se utilizan comúnmente en la escritura académica para condensar citas sin alterar el significado.

homonym
homonym
[Sustantivo]

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

homónimo

homónimo

Ex: "Bank" is a homonym because it can mean both a financial institution and the side of a river. 

Homónimo es un término que puede significar tanto una institución financiera como la orilla de un río.

homophone
homophone
[Sustantivo]

(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

homófono

homófono

Ex: Mistaking homophones like "bare" and "bear" can lead to amusing misunderstandings in conversation. 

Confundir homófonos como "bare" y "bear" puede llevar a malentendidos divertidos en la conversación.

diphthong
diphthong
[Sustantivo]

(phonetics) a gliding speech sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable

diptongo

diptongo

Ex: The Spanish language includes several diphthongs that blend vowels smoothly. 

El idioma español incluye varios diptongos que combinan vocales suavemente.

onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
[Sustantivo]

a word that mimics the sound it represents

onomatopeya

onomatopeya

Ex: Comic books use onomatopoeic words like "pow" and "zap" to emphasize action scenes. 

Los cómics usan palabras onomatopéyicas como "pum" y "zap" para enfatizar las escenas de acción.

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