المفردات الضرورية للاختبار GRE - الأجهزة اللغوية والأدبية

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

لهجة

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

نحو, تركيب الجمل

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

الإعراب, تصريف الأسماء

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

تصريف, اعداد

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

يُصرّف, صرف الأفعال

a change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject

انعكاس, تغيير ترتيب الكلمات

(grammar) a particular form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that acts as the direct object of a verb or preposition, used in some languages such as Greek or Latin

المفعول به

(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective that is used when addressing a particular person or thing

المَنْادَى

relating to a grammatical case that is used to indicate possession, origin, or a close association

مضاف إليه

‌(of verbs) a form or mood that represents possibility, doubt, or wishes

المضارع التام

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that is used to show by what means or by whom an action is done or to indicate the source of the action, found in some languages such as Latin or Sanskrit

حالة التمييز

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that shows the place of an action or where a person or thing is

حالة المكاني

(grammar) describing an adjective or noun following a linking verb and completing the meaning of the copula

اسم إسنادي, نعت إسنادي

a grammatical case used for the subject of a sentence or clause

الرفع

(grammar)(of a noun or adjective) joined directly to a noun and modifying it, without a linking verb

نسبة إلى, نسبة

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

المزاج الإخباري

(grammar) a function word that is used to form a question

كلمة استفهامية, استفهامي

(grammar) a gender of words that are neither masculine nor feminine

محايد

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

لاحقة, بادئة/لاحقة

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

تكرار الحروف

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

سخرية

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

تلميح, إشارة

humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

هجاء, سخرية

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

تعبير ملطف

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

تشبيه, التشابه اللغوي

(of a person) able to express thoughts or ideas in a clear and consistent manner

متماسك, متناغم

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

أصل الكلمة

(of people) unable to express oneself clearly or easily

غير واضح, غير متماسك

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

إفراط

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used

فهم المعاني واسقاطها على واقع الحياة

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

علم الأصوات

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

فونيم

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

مورفيم

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

لكسيم, وحدة لغوية

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

الألوفون, نوع نطق

(grammar) the act of omitting a word or words from a sentence, when the meaning is complete and the omission is understood from the context

حذف, إغفال

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

مثنَى

(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

هوموفون

(phonetics) a gliding speech sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable

ثنائي الصوت

a word that mimics the sound it represents

أونوماتوبيا