المفردات الضرورية للاختبار GRE - الأجهزة اللغوية والأدبية

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

لغة محلية

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

النحو (علم اللغة)

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

تصريف الأسماء

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

تصريف

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

وحد

a change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject

انقلاب

(grammar) a particular form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that acts as the direct object of a verb or preposition, used in some languages such as Greek or Latin

حالة النصب

(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective that is used when addressing a particular person or thing

صيغة المنادي

relating to a grammatical case that is used to indicate possession, origin, or a close association

مضاف إليه

‌(of verbs) a form or mood that represents possibility, doubt, or wishes

الأفعال الشرطية

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that is used to show by what means or by whom an action is done or to indicate the source of the action, found in some languages such as Latin or Sanskrit

الجر

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that shows the place of an action or where a person or thing is

ظرفي

(grammar) describing an adjective or noun following a linking verb and completing the meaning of the copula

مسند

(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, adjective, or pronoun when it takes the role of a verbnouns serving as the grammatical subject of a verb

رفع قواعد

(grammar)(of a noun or adjective) joined directly to a noun and modifying it, without a linking verb

عزوي

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

الصيغة الدلالية

(grammar) a function word that is used to form a question

استفهام

(grammar) a gender of words that are neither masculine nor feminine

محايد

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

ألحق

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

جناس

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

سخرية

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

إشارة

humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

هجاء

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

لطف التعبير

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

مماثلة

speaking in a way that is sensible and intelligible

متماسك

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

دراسة تعنى باصل الكلمة

(of people) unable to express oneself clearly or easily

غير مفصل

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

حشو

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used

التداولية

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

علم الأصوات

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

صوت (لغويات)

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

مورفيم (علم اللغة)

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

الوحدة الأساسية للمعنى في اللغة

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

أشكال مختلفة من نفس الصوت

(grammar) the act of omitting a word or words from a sentence, when the meaning is complete and the omission is understood from the context

حذف

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

مجانسة

(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

لفظة متجانسة

(phonetics) a gliding speech sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable

إدغام

a word that mimics the sound it represents

المحاكاة الصوتية