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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro GRE - Jazyková a literární zařízení

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slovíčka o jazyce, jako je „lokativní“, „kastrovat“, „ironie“ atd., která jsou potřebná pro zkoušku GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
dialect

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialekt

dialekt

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[Podstatné jméno]
syntax

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

syntaktika

syntaktika

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[Podstatné jméno]
declension

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

skloňování

skloňování

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[Podstatné jméno]
inflection

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

flexe

flexe

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[Podstatné jméno]
to conjugate

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

konjugovat

konjugovat

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[sloveso]
inversion

a change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject

inverze

inverze

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[Podstatné jméno]
accusative

(grammar) a particular form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that acts as the direct object of a verb or preposition, used in some languages such as Greek or Latin

akuzativ

akuzativ

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[Podstatné jméno]
vocative

(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective that is used when addressing a particular person or thing

vokativ

vokativ

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[Podstatné jméno]
genitive

relating to a grammatical case that is used to indicate possession, origin, or a close association

genitivní

genitivní

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[Přídavné jméno]
subjunctive

‌(of verbs) a form or mood that represents possibility, doubt, or wishes

subjunktiv

subjunktiv

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[Podstatné jméno]
ablative

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that is used to show by what means or by whom an action is done or to indicate the source of the action, found in some languages such as Latin or Sanskrit

ablativ

ablativ

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[Podstatné jméno]
locative

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that shows the place of an action or where a person or thing is

lokativ

lokativ

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[Podstatné jméno]
predicative

(grammar) describing an adjective or noun following a linking verb and completing the meaning of the copula

predikativní

predikativní

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[Přídavné jméno]
nominative

(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, adjective, or pronoun when it takes the role of a verbnouns serving as the grammatical subject of a verb

nominativ

nominativ

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[Podstatné jméno]
attributive

(grammar)(of a noun or adjective) joined directly to a noun and modifying it, without a linking verb

atributivní

atributivní

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[Přídavné jméno]
indicative

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

označovací způsob

označovací způsob

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[Podstatné jméno]
interrogative

(grammar) a function word that is used to form a question

otázkový výraz

otázkový výraz

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[Podstatné jméno]
neuter

(grammar) a gender of words that are neither masculine nor feminine

střední rod

střední rod

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[Podstatné jméno]
affix

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

afix

afix

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[Podstatné jméno]
alliteration

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

aliterace

aliterace

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[Podstatné jméno]
irony

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ironie

ironie

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[Podstatné jméno]
allusion

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

alluze

alluze

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[Podstatné jméno]
satire

humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

satira

satira

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[Podstatné jméno]
euphemism

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

eufemismus

eufemismus

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[Podstatné jméno]
analogy

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogie

analogie

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[Podstatné jméno]
coherent

speaking in a way that is sensible and intelligible

koherentní

koherentní

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[Přídavné jméno]
etymology

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

etymologie

etymologie

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[Podstatné jméno]
inarticulate

(of people) unable to express oneself clearly or easily

nevyjadřující se

nevyjadřující se

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[Přídavné jméno]
tautology

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

tautologie

tautologie

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[Podstatné jméno]
pragmatics

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used

pragmatika

pragmatika

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[Podstatné jméno]
phonetics

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

fonetika

fonetika

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[Podstatné jméno]
phoneme

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

foném

foném

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[Podstatné jméno]
morpheme

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfém

morfém

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[Podstatné jméno]
lexeme

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

lexém

lexém

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[Podstatné jméno]
allophone

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

alofon

alofon

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[Podstatné jméno]
ellipsis

(grammar) the act of omitting a word or words from a sentence, when the meaning is complete and the omission is understood from the context

elipsa

elipsa

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[Podstatné jméno]
homonym

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

homonymum

homonymum

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[Podstatné jméno]
homophone

(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

homofon

homofon

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[Podstatné jméno]
diphthong

(phonetics) a gliding speech sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable

diftong

diftong

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[Podstatné jméno]
onomatopoeia

a word that mimics the sound it represents

onomatopej

onomatopej

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[Podstatné jméno]
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