واژگان ضروری برای GRE - دستگاه های زبان و ادبی

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

گویش

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

نحو (زبان‌شناسی), علم ترکیب

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

صرف (زبان‌شناسی)

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

تصریف (دستورزبان)

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

صرف کردن (دستورزبان)

a change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject

وارونه‌سازی (زبان‌شناسی)

(grammar) a particular form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that acts as the direct object of a verb or preposition, used in some languages such as Greek or Latin

حالت مفعولی (دستورزبان), حالت رایی

(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective that is used when addressing a particular person or thing

حالت ندا (دستورزبان)

relating to a grammatical case that is used to indicate possession, origin, or a close association

اضافه (دستورزبان)

‌(of verbs) a form or mood that represents possibility, doubt, or wishes

افعال فرعی (دستور زبان)

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that is used to show by what means or by whom an action is done or to indicate the source of the action, found in some languages such as Latin or Sanskrit

مفعول‌به (دستور زبان)

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that shows the place of an action or where a person or thing is

حالت اندری (دستورزبان)

(grammar) describing an adjective or noun following a linking verb and completing the meaning of the copula

گزاره‌ای

a grammatical case used for the subject of a sentence or clause

فاعلی (دستور زبان)

(grammar)(of a noun or adjective) joined directly to a noun and modifying it, without a linking verb

وصفی (دستورزبان)

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

وجه اخباری

(grammar) a function word that is used to form a question

کلمه پرسشی (دستورزبان)

(grammar) a gender of words that are neither masculine nor feminine

خنثی (دستورزبان)

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

وند (دستورزبان)

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

واج‌آرایی

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

وارونه‌گویی, گواژه

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

تلمیح

humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

طنز

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

حسن تعبیر, بـه‌گویی

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

آنالوژی (زبان‌شناسی)

(of a person) able to express thoughts or ideas in a clear and consistent manner

فصیح

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

ریشه‌شناسی (واژگان)

(of people) unable to express oneself clearly or easily

ناگویا, فاقدقدرت‌بیان

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

همان‌گویی (معنی‌شناسی), توتولوژی

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used

کاربردشناسی (زبان‌شناسی)

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

آواشناسی (زبان‌شناسی)

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

واج (آواشناسی)

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

تکواژ (زبان‌شناسی)

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

تک‌واژه (زبان‌شناسی)

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

واج‌گونه (آواشناسی)

(grammar) the act of omitting a word or words from a sentence, when the meaning is complete and the omission is understood from the context

حذف به قرینه

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

هم‌نام (زبان‌شناسی)

(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

هم‌آوا

(phonetics) a gliding speech sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable

واکه مرکب, مصوت مرکب، آواگروه

a word that mimics the sound it represents

استفاده از نام‌آوا