Lényeges Szókincs a GRE-hez - Nyelvi és irodalmi eszközök

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialektus

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

szintaxis, mondatszerkezet

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

hajlás, nyelvtani hajlás

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

ragozás, hajlítás

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

ragozni, igeragozás

a change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject

inverzió, szórendváltozás

(grammar) a particular form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that acts as the direct object of a verb or preposition, used in some languages such as Greek or Latin

akkuzatív

(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective that is used when addressing a particular person or thing

felszólító

relating to a grammatical case that is used to indicate possession, origin, or a close association

genitív

‌(of verbs) a form or mood that represents possibility, doubt, or wishes

feltételes mód

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that is used to show by what means or by whom an action is done or to indicate the source of the action, found in some languages such as Latin or Sanskrit

ablativus

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that shows the place of an action or where a person or thing is

helyhatározós

(grammar) describing an adjective or noun following a linking verb and completing the meaning of the copula

predikativ, predikáló

(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, adjective, or pronoun when it takes the role of a verbnouns serving as the grammatical subject of a verb

alanyeset

(grammar)(of a noun or adjective) joined directly to a noun and modifying it, without a linking verb

attribútív, attribútív

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

kijelentő

(grammar) a function word that is used to form a question

kérdőszó, interrogatív

(grammar) a gender of words that are neither masculine nor feminine

semleges

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

afix, előtag/utótag

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

alliteráció

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

irónia

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

utalás, célzás

humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

szatíra, szatírák

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

eufemizmus

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analógia, nyelvi analógia

speaking in a way that is sensible and intelligible

koherens, logikus

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

etimológia

(of people) unable to express oneself clearly or easily

kifejezhetetlen, zavaros

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

tautológia

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used

pragmatika

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

fonetika

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

fonéma

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morféma

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

lexéma, lexikai egység

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

allofón, fónemváltozat

(grammar) the act of omitting a word or words from a sentence, when the meaning is complete and the omission is understood from the context

ellipszis, kihagyás

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

homonim

(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

homofón

(phonetics) a gliding speech sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable

diftong

a word that mimics the sound it represents

onomatopéia