GRE のための基本語彙 - 言語と文学的手法
ここでは、GRE試験に必要な「locative」、「neuter」、「irony」など、言語に関するいくつかの英単語を学びます。
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the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

方言, なまり
(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

構文, 文法構造
(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

変化, 名詞の変化
(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

屈折, 語尾
(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

活用する
a change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject

倒置, 転倒
(grammar) a particular form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that acts as the direct object of a verb or preposition, used in some languages such as Greek or Latin

対格, 目的格
(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective that is used when addressing a particular person or thing

呼格, 呼びかけの格
relating to a grammatical case that is used to indicate possession, origin, or a close association

属格, 属格に関する
(of verbs) a form or mood that represents possibility, doubt, or wishes

接続法
(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that is used to show by what means or by whom an action is done or to indicate the source of the action, found in some languages such as Latin or Sanskrit

奪格, 奪格形
(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that shows the place of an action or where a person or thing is

処格, 位置格
(grammar) describing an adjective or noun following a linking verb and completing the meaning of the copula

述語的, 属性の
a grammatical case used for the subject of a sentence or clause

主格, 主格の場合
(grammar)(of a noun or adjective) joined directly to a noun and modifying it, without a linking verb

限定的, 形容詞
(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

直説法
(grammar) a function word that is used to form a question

疑問詞, 疑問語
(grammar) a gender of words that are neither masculine nor feminine

中性, 中性の性
(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

接辞, 接尾辞/接頭辞
the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

頭韻
a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

皮肉
a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

ほのめかし, 言及
humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

風刺, 皮肉
a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

婉曲表現, 遠回しな言い方
(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

類推, 類似
(of a person) able to express thoughts or ideas in a clear and consistent manner

首尾一貫した, 論理的
the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

語源学
(of people) unable to express oneself clearly or easily

不明瞭な, 言葉に詰まる
the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

トートロジー, 冗長
(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used

語用論, 語用論(ごようろん)
the science and study of speech sounds and their production

音声学
the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

音素, 音声単位
(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

形態素, 最小意味単位
(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

語彙素, 基本的な言語単位
a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

異音、特定の文脈や環境における音韻の変異発音で、言語内の音声的差異によって生じることがある, 異音、特定の音声環境で現れる音韻の変異形
(grammar) the act of omitting a word or words from a sentence, when the meaning is complete and the omission is understood from the context

省略, 省略記号
each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

同音異義語, 同音語
(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

同音異義語, ホモフォン
(phonetics) a gliding speech sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable

二重母音, 重母音
a word that mimics the sound it represents

擬音語, それが表す音を模倣する単語
GRE のための基本語彙 |
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