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Kosakata Penting untuk GRE - Bahasa dan Perangkat Sastra

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris tentang bahasa, seperti "locative", "neuter", "irony", dll., yang diperlukan untuk ujian GRE.

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Essential Words Needed for the GRE
dialect
dialect
[Kata benda]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialek, logat

dialek, logat

Ex: Social dialects, such as sociolects and ethnolects, can be influenced by factors such as social class, ethnicity, or education level. 

Dialek sosial, seperti sosiolek dan etnolek, dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor seperti kelas sosial, etnis, atau tingkat pendidikan.

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syntax
syntax
[Kata benda]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

sintaksis, struktur gramatikal

sintaksis, struktur gramatikal

Ex: Linguists study syntax to uncover the underlying principles that dictate how different languages form sentences. 

Ahli bahasa mempelajari sintaksis untuk mengungkap prinsip-prinsip mendasar yang menentukan bagaimana berbagai bahasa membentuk kalimat.

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declension
declension
[Kata benda]

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

deklinasi, perubahan bentuk kata benda

deklinasi, perubahan bentuk kata benda

Ex: In Latin, nouns and adjectives undergo various changes in form called declensions based on their role in a sentence." 

Dalam bahasa Latin, kata benda dan kata sifat mengalami berbagai perubahan bentuk yang disebut deklinasi berdasarkan perannya dalam kalimat.

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inflection
inflection
[Kata benda]

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

infleksi, akhiran

infleksi, akhiran

Ex: Noun inflections in Russian indicate case, number, and gender. 

Infleksi nomina dalam bahasa Rusia menunjukkan kasus, jumlah, dan gender.

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to conjugate
to conjugate
[kata kerja]

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

mengkonjugasi

mengkonjugasi

Ex: In Spanish class, we learned how to conjugate regular verbs in the present tense. 

Di kelas bahasa Spanyol, kami belajar cara mengkonjugasikan kata kerja beraturan dalam bentuk present tense.

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inversion
inversion
[Kata benda]

a change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject

inversi, pembalikan

inversi, pembalikan

Ex: Inversion can add dramatic effect, as seen in "Never have I seen such beauty." 

Inversi dapat menambahkan efek dramatis, seperti terlihat dalam "Belum pernah aku melihat keindahan seperti itu."

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accusative
accusative
[Kata benda]

(grammar) a particular form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that acts as the direct object of a verb or preposition, used in some languages such as Greek or Latin

akusatif, kasus akusatif

akusatif, kasus akusatif

Ex: In ancient Greek, the accusative often denotes motion towards something. 

Dalam bahasa Yunani kuno, akusatif sering menunjukkan gerakan menuju sesuatu.

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vocative
vocative
[Kata benda]

(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective that is used when addressing a particular person or thing

vokatif, kasus panggilan

vokatif, kasus panggilan

Ex: In Ancient Greek, the vocative often has a specific ending change for direct address. 

Dalam bahasa Yunani Kuno, vokatif sering memiliki perubahan akhiran tertentu untuk penyebutan langsung.

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genitive
genitive
[Adjektiva]

relating to a grammatical case that is used to indicate possession, origin, or a close association

genitif, berhubungan dengan kasus genitif

genitif, berhubungan dengan kasus genitif

Ex: They discussed the genitive endings of nouns in different languages. 

Mereka membahas akhiran genitif kata benda dalam berbagai bahasa.

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subjunctive
subjunctive
[Kata benda]

‌(of verbs) a form or mood that represents possibility, doubt, or wishes

subjungtif

subjungtif

Ex: The subjunctive can change the tone of a sentence, making it more formal or polite. 

Subjungtif dapat mengubah nada kalimat, membuatnya lebih formal atau sopan.

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ablative
ablative
[Kata benda]

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that is used to show by what means or by whom an action is done or to indicate the source of the action, found in some languages such as Latin or Sanskrit

ablatif, kasus ablatif

ablatif, kasus ablatif

Ex: Translating the phrase required careful consideration of the ablative to convey the correct meaning. 

Menerjemahkan frasa tersebut memerlukan pertimbangan yang cermat terhadap ablatif untuk menyampaikan makna yang benar.

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locative
locative
[Kata benda]

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that shows the place of an action or where a person or thing is

lokatif, kasus lokatif

lokatif, kasus lokatif

Ex: Mastering the locative is important for accurately describing locations in various languages. 

Menguasai lokatif penting untuk menggambarkan lokasi dengan akurat dalam berbagai bahasa.

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predicative
predicative
[Adjektiva]

(grammar) describing an adjective or noun following a linking verb and completing the meaning of the copula

predikatif, atributif

predikatif, atributif

Ex: In Spanish, the predicative adjective agrees with the subject in gender and number. 

Dalam bahasa Spanyol, kata sifat predikatif setuju dengan subjek dalam gender dan jumlah.

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nominative
nominative
[Kata benda]

a grammatical case used for the subject of a sentence or clause

nominatif, kasus nominatif

nominatif, kasus nominatif

Ex: In Latin, "puella" (girl) is in the nominative when it is the subject of the sentence. 

Dalam bahasa Latin, "puella" (gadis) berada dalam nominatif ketika menjadi subjek kalimat.

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attributive
attributive
[Adjektiva]

(grammar)(of a noun or adjective) joined directly to a noun and modifying it, without a linking verb

atributif, kata sifat

atributif, kata sifat

Ex: The use of attributives helps in creating vivid descriptions in writing. 

Penggunaan atributif membantu dalam menciptakan deskripsi yang hidup dalam tulisan.

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indicative
indicative
[Kata benda]

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

indikatif

indikatif

Ex: Understanding verb conjugation in the indicative is essential for grammar proficiency. 

Memahami konjugasi kata kerja dalam indikatif sangat penting untuk kemahiran tata bahasa.

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interrogative
interrogative
[Kata benda]

(grammar) a function word that is used to form a question

kata tanya, kata interogatif

kata tanya, kata interogatif

Ex: Forming interrogatives correctly is important for effective communication. 

Membentuk kata tanya dengan benar penting untuk komunikasi yang efektif.

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neuter
neuter
[Kata benda]

(grammar) a gender of words that are neither masculine nor feminine

netral, gender netral

netral, gender netral

Ex: The linguist discussed the concept of neuter in grammatical gender. 

Ahli bahasa membahas konsep netral dalam gender gramatikal.

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affix
affix
[Kata benda]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

afiks, sufiks/prefiks

afiks, sufiks/prefiks

Ex: Learning affixes helps in understanding the etymology of words. 

Mempelajari afiks membantu dalam memahami etimologi kata.

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alliteration
alliteration
[Kata benda]

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

aliterasi

aliterasi

Ex: Alliteration is a common feature in tongue twisters. 

Aliterasi adalah fitur umum dalam permainan kata.

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irony
irony
[Kata benda]

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ironi

ironi

Ex: His speech was filled with irony, making fun of the company’s so-called "success." 

Pidatonya penuh dengan ironi, mengolok-olok 'kesuksesan' yang disebut-sebut perusahaan.

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allusion
allusion
[Kata benda]

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

kiasan, referensi

kiasan, referensi

Ex: In his speech, he made an allusion to the Trojan War, drawing a parallel between their struggle and that of ancient heroes. 

Dalam pidatonya, dia membuat kiasan tentang Perang Troya, menggambar paralel antara perjuangan mereka dan para pahlawan kuno.

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satire
satire
[Kata benda]

humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

satir, ironi

satir, ironi

Ex: The cartoonist's satire of political leaders sparked public debate. 

Satir kartunis terhadap pemimpin politik memicu perdebatan publik.

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euphemism
euphemism
[Kata benda]

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

eufemisme, ungkapan halus

eufemisme, ungkapan halus

Ex: The phrase 'passed away' is a common euphemism for 'died,' used to soften the harsh reality of death. 

Frasa 'passed away' adalah sebuah eufemisme umum untuk 'died', digunakan untuk melunakkan kenyataan keras dari kematian.

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analogy
analogy
[Kata benda]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogi, kemiripan

analogi, kemiripan

Ex: The analogy between "sing" and "sang" helps learners understand verb changes. 

Analogi antara 'sing' dan 'sang' membantu pembelajar memahami perubahan kata kerja.

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coherent
coherent
[Adjektiva]

(of a person) able to express thoughts or ideas in a clear and consistent manner

koheren, logis

koheren, logis

Ex: She was coherent in her speech, making it easy for everyone to understand. 

Dia koheren dalam pidatonya, membuatnya mudah dipahami oleh semua orang.

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etymology
etymology
[Kata benda]

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

etimologi

etimologi

Ex: The dictionary includes information on the etymology of words to provide linguistic context. 

Kamus mencakup informasi tentang etimologi kata untuk memberikan konteks linguistik.

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inarticulate
inarticulate
[Adjektiva]

(of people) unable to express oneself clearly or easily

tidak jelas, sulit mengungkapkan

tidak jelas, sulit mengungkapkan

Ex: The toddler's inarticulate babbling amused her parents, who tried to decipher her meaning. 

Ocehan tidak jelas balita itu menghibur orang tuanya, yang mencoba mengartikan maksudnya.

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tautology
tautology
[Kata benda]

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

tautologi, pengulangan yang tidak perlu

tautologi, pengulangan yang tidak perlu

Ex: In linguistics, a tautology is the redundant repetition of an idea, where the same concept is expressed multiple times in different words. 

Dalam linguistik, tautologi adalah pengulangan yang berlebihan dari suatu ide, di mana konsep yang sama diungkapkan beberapa kali dengan kata-kata yang berbeda.

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pragmatics
pragmatics
[Kata benda]

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used

pragmatik, ilmu pragmatik

pragmatik, ilmu pragmatik

Ex: Pragmatics explains why the same words can have different meanings in different contexts. 

Pragmatik menjelaskan mengapa kata yang sama dapat memiliki arti yang berbeda dalam konteks yang berbeda.

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phonetics
phonetics
[Kata benda]

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

fonetik

fonetik

Ex: The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation used to represent the sounds of spoken language in a standardized way. 

Alfabet Fonetik Internasional (IPA) adalah sistem notasi fonetik yang digunakan untuk mewakili suara bahasa lisan dengan cara yang terstandarisasi.

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phoneme
phoneme
[Kata benda]

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

fonem, unit bunyi

fonem, unit bunyi

Ex: Phonemes are abstract units that are realized as various allophones in different phonetic contexts. 

Fonem adalah unit abstrak yang direalisasikan sebagai berbagai alofon dalam konteks fonetik yang berbeda.

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morpheme
morpheme
[Kata benda]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfem, unit terkecil yang bermakna

morfem, unit terkecil yang bermakna

Ex: Understanding morphemes helps linguists analyze how words are formed and how they convey meaning. 

Memahami morfem membantu ahli bahasa menganalisis bagaimana kata dibentuk dan bagaimana mereka menyampaikan makna.

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lexeme
lexeme
[Kata benda]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

leksem, unit linguistik dasar

leksem, unit linguistik dasar

Ex: Linguists study lexemes to understand how words are related morphologically and semantically within a language. 

Ahli bahasa mempelajari leksem untuk memahami bagaimana kata-kata terkait secara morfologis dan semantis dalam suatu bahasa.

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allophone
allophone
[Kata benda]

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

sebuah alofon,  varian pengucapan dari sebuah fonem

sebuah alofon, varian pengucapan dari sebuah fonem

Ex: Linguists analyze the distribution of allophones within a language to understand its phonological rules and patterns. 

Ahli bahasa menganalisis distribusi alofon dalam suatu bahasa untuk memahami aturan dan pola fonologisnya.

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ellipsis
ellipsis
[Kata benda]

(grammar) the act of omitting a word or words from a sentence, when the meaning is complete and the omission is understood from the context

elipsis, penghilangan

elipsis, penghilangan

Ex: Ellipses are commonly used in academic writing to condense quotations without altering meaning. 

Elipsis umumnya digunakan dalam penulisan akademik untuk memadatkan kutipan tanpa mengubah makna.

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homonym
homonym
[Kata benda]

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

homonym, homofon

homonym, homofon

Ex: "Bank" is a homonym because it can mean both a financial institution and the side of a river. 

Homonym adalah istilah yang dapat berarti baik lembaga keuangan maupun tepi sungai.

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homophone
homophone
[Kata benda]

(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

homofon, kata homofon

homofon, kata homofon

Ex: Mistaking homophones like "bare" and "bear" can lead to amusing misunderstandings in conversation. 

Mengacaukan homofon seperti "bare" dan "bear" dapat menyebabkan kesalahpahaman yang lucu dalam percakapan.

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diphthong
diphthong
[Kata benda]

(phonetics) a gliding speech sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable

diftong, vokal ganda

diftong, vokal ganda

Ex: The Spanish language includes several diphthongs that blend vowels smoothly. 

Bahasa Spanyol mencakup beberapa diftong yang menggabungkan vokal dengan lancar.

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onomatopoeia
onomatopoeia
[Kata benda]

a word that mimics the sound it represents

onomatope, kata yang meniru suara yang diwakilinya

onomatope, kata yang meniru suara yang diwakilinya

Ex: Comic books use onomatopoeic words like "pow" and "zap" to emphasize action scenes. 

Komik menggunakan kata-kata onomatope seperti "pow" dan "zap" untuk menekankan adegan aksi.

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