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Kosakata Penting untuk GRE - Bahasa & Perangkat Sastra

Di sini Anda akan mempelajari beberapa kata dalam bahasa Inggris tentang bahasa, seperti "locative", "neuter", "irony", dll., yang diperlukan untuk ujian GRE.

Tinjauan

Kartu flash

Ejaan

Kuis

Essential Words Needed for the GRE

[Kata benda]

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

dialek, logat

dialek, logat

Ex: Linguists study dialects to better understand language variation and change , as well as the social and cultural factors that shape linguistic diversity .

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[Kata benda]

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

sintaksis, struktur gramatikal

sintaksis, struktur gramatikal

Ex: Syntax analysis helps in identifying how sentence elements like nouns , verbs , and adjectives interact within a given linguistic framework .

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[Kata benda]

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

deklinasi, perubahan bentuk kata benda

deklinasi, perubahan bentuk kata benda

Ex: The Old English language had a complex system of declension, with different forms for nouns depending on case , number , and gender .Bahasa Inggris Kuno memiliki sistem **deklinasi** yang kompleks, dengan bentuk yang berbeda untuk kata benda tergantung pada kasus, jumlah, dan gender.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

infleksi, akhiran

infleksi, akhiran

Ex: Understanding inflection is essential for mastering highly inflected languages like Finnish .Memahami **infleksi** sangat penting untuk menguasai bahasa yang sangat berinfleksi seperti Finlandia.

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[kata kerja]

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

mengkonjugasi

mengkonjugasi

Ex: The linguistics professor explained how different languages conjugate verbs differently based on their grammatical structures.Profesor linguistik menjelaskan bagaimana bahasa yang berbeda **mengkonjugasikan** kata kerja secara berbeda berdasarkan struktur tata bahasanya.

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[Kata benda]

a change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject

inversi, pembalikan

inversi, pembalikan

Ex: Shakespeare frequently employed inversion, enhancing the poetic nature of his lines .Shakespeare sering menggunakan **inversi**, meningkatkan sifat puitis dari baris-barisnya.

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[Kata benda]

(grammar) a particular form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that acts as the direct object of a verb or preposition, used in some languages such as Greek or Latin

akusatif, kasus akusatif

akusatif, kasus akusatif

Ex: Understanding the accusative is key to forming proper sentences in Russian .Memahami **akusatif** adalah kunci untuk membentuk kalimat yang benar dalam bahasa Rusia.

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[Kata benda]

(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective that is used when addressing a particular person or thing

vokatif, kasus panggilan

vokatif, kasus panggilan

Ex: The Latin vocative is used for direct address , such as " Marce " when calling out to Marcus .**Vokatif** Latin digunakan untuk penyebutan langsung, seperti "Marce" ketika memanggil Marcus.

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[Adjektiva]

relating to a grammatical case that is used to indicate possession, origin, or a close association

genitif, berhubungan dengan kasus genitif

genitif, berhubungan dengan kasus genitif

Ex: The article analyzed the morphological changes in the genitive case.Artikel tersebut menganalisis perubahan morfologis dalam kasus **genitif**.

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[Kata benda]

‌(of verbs) a form or mood that represents possibility, doubt, or wishes

subjungtif

subjungtif

Ex: The subjunctive is often used in Spanish after expressions of doubt , like " Dudo que él venga . "**Subjungtif** sering digunakan dalam bahasa Spanyol setelah ekspresi keraguan, seperti "Dudo que él venga."

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[Kata benda]

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that is used to show by what means or by whom an action is done or to indicate the source of the action, found in some languages such as Latin or Sanskrit

ablatif, kasus ablatif

ablatif, kasus ablatif

Ex: In Latin , the ablative is used to show means or instrument , such as in " gladio " meaning " with a sword . "Dalam bahasa Latin, **ablatif** digunakan untuk menunjukkan sarana atau alat, seperti dalam "gladio" yang berarti "dengan pedang".

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[Kata benda]

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that shows the place of an action or where a person or thing is

lokatif, kasus lokatif

lokatif, kasus lokatif

Ex: The locative in Latin can indicate place where, as in "Romae" meaning "in Rome."**Lokatif** dalam bahasa Latin dapat menunjukkan tempat, seperti "Romae" yang berarti "di Roma".

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[Adjektiva]

(grammar) describing an adjective or noun following a linking verb and completing the meaning of the copula

predikatif, atributif

predikatif, atributif

Ex: The role of the predicative noun is to provide additional information about the subject .Peran kata benda **predikatif** adalah untuk memberikan informasi tambahan tentang subjek.

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[Kata benda]

a grammatical case used for the subject of a sentence or clause

nominatif, kasus nominatif

nominatif, kasus nominatif

Ex: The teacher explained the importance of identifying the nominative to determine the subject of a sentence .Guru menjelaskan pentingnya mengidentifikasi **nominatif** untuk menentukan subjek kalimat.

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[Adjektiva]

(grammar)(of a noun or adjective) joined directly to a noun and modifying it, without a linking verb

atributif, kata sifat

atributif, kata sifat

Ex: The poet's use of attributives enhanced the imagery in her poetry.Penggunaan **atributif** oleh penyair meningkatkan pencitraan dalam puisinya.

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[Kata benda]

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

indikatif

indikatif

Ex: Teachers emphasize the importance of mastering the indicative for fluency in speaking and writing.Guru menekankan pentingnya menguasai **indikatif** untuk kelancaran berbicara dan menulis.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

(grammar) a function word that is used to form a question

kata tanya, kata interogatif

kata tanya, kata interogatif

Ex: Mastering interrogatives enhances language fluency and comprehension .Menguasai **kata tanya** meningkatkan kelancaran dan pemahaman bahasa.

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[Kata benda]

(grammar) a gender of words that are neither masculine nor feminine

netral, gender netral

netral, gender netral

Ex: English does not have neuter, unlike German or Spanish .Bahasa Inggris tidak memiliki **netral**, tidak seperti bahasa Jerman atau Spanyol.

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[Kata benda]

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

afiks, sufiks/prefiks

afiks, sufiks/prefiks

Ex: In linguistics , affixes play a crucial role in word formation and derivation .Dalam linguistik, **afiks** memainkan peran penting dalam pembentukan dan derivasi kata.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

aliterasi

aliterasi

Ex: The advertising slogan 's alliteration made it memorable and catchy .**Aliterasi** slogan iklan membuatnya mudah diingat dan menarik.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ironi

ironi

Ex: Through irony, she pointed out the flaws in their logic without directly insulting them .Melalui **ironi**, dia menunjukkan kelemahan dalam logika mereka tanpa menghina mereka secara langsung.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

kiasan, referensi

kiasan, referensi

Ex: The poet 's allusion to Icarus served as a cautionary tale about the dangers of overambition and hubris .**Alusi** penyair kepada Icarus berfungsi sebagai peringatan tentang bahaya ambisi yang berlebihan dan kesombongan.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

satir, ironi

satir, ironi

Ex: Satire can be a powerful tool for social commentary and change.**Satir** bisa menjadi alat yang kuat untuk komentar sosial dan perubahan.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

eufemisme, ungkapan halus

eufemisme, ungkapan halus

Ex: In polite conversation , people might use the euphemism ' restroom ' or ' bathroom ' instead of ' toilet ' to refer to a place where one can relieve themselves .Dalam percakapan sopan, orang mungkin menggunakan **eufemisme** 'kamar mandi' atau 'toilet' alih-alih 'toilet' untuk merujuk ke tempat di mana seseorang dapat meringankan diri.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

analogi, kemiripan

analogi, kemiripan

Ex: The study of analogy shows how language adapts to the needs of its speakers .Studi tentang **analogi** menunjukkan bagaimana bahasa menyesuaikan diri dengan kebutuhan penuturnya.

Tutup

[Adjektiva]

(of a person) able to express thoughts or ideas in a clear and consistent manner

koheren, logis

koheren, logis

Ex: As a leader , he is coherent in his decision-making , ensuring everyone understands his reasoning .Sebagai seorang pemimpin, dia **koheren** dalam pengambilan keputusannya, memastikan semua orang memahami alasannya.

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[Kata benda]

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

etimologi

etimologi

Ex: The etymology of " amplify " reveals its roots in Latin " amplus , " meaning large or spacious .**Etimologi** dari "amplify" mengungkapkan akarnya dalam bahasa Latin "amplus," yang berarti besar atau luas.

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[Adjektiva]

(of people) unable to express oneself clearly or easily

tidak jelas, sulit mengungkapkan

tidak jelas, sulit mengungkapkan

Ex: She became inarticulate with emotion when accepting the award , struggling to find the right words .Dia menjadi **tidak jelas** karena emosi saat menerima penghargaan, berjuang untuk menemukan kata-kata yang tepat.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

tautologi, pengulangan yang tidak perlu

tautologi, pengulangan yang tidak perlu

Ex: Writers and speakers are often advised to avoid tautology to ensure their communication is clear and concise without unnecessary repetition .Penulis dan pembicara sering disarankan untuk menghindari **tautologi** untuk memastikan komunikasi mereka jelas dan ringkas tanpa pengulangan yang tidak perlu.

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[Kata benda]

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used

pragmatik, ilmu pragmatik

pragmatik, ilmu pragmatik

Ex: The study of pragmatics reveals how gestures and facial expressions complement verbal communication .Studi tentang **pragmatik** mengungkapkan bagaimana gerakan dan ekspresi wajah melengkapi komunikasi verbal.

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[Kata benda]

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

fonetik

fonetik

Ex: Phonetics plays a crucial role in language learning and teaching , helping learners to accurately pronounce and recognize the sounds of a foreign language .**Fonetik** memainkan peran penting dalam pembelajaran dan pengajaran bahasa, membantu pelajar untuk mengucapkan dan mengenali suara bahasa asing dengan akurat.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

fonem, unit bunyi

fonem, unit bunyi

Ex: The study of phonemes and their distribution helps linguists analyze speech sounds and patterns across languages .Studi tentang **fonem** dan distribusinya membantu para ahli bahasa menganalisis bunyi dan pola bicara dalam berbagai bahasa.

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[Kata benda]

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

morfem, unit terkecil yang bermakna

morfem, unit terkecil yang bermakna

Ex: The study of morphemes, known as morphology , examines how these units combine to create complex words .Studi tentang **morfem**, yang dikenal sebagai morfologi, memeriksa bagaimana unit-unit ini bergabung untuk menciptakan kata-kata kompleks.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

leksem, unit linguistik dasar

leksem, unit linguistik dasar

Ex: Analyzing lexemes helps in identifying patterns of word formation and usage across different linguistic contexts .Menganalisis **leksem** membantu dalam mengidentifikasi pola pembentukan dan penggunaan kata dalam berbagai konteks linguistik.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

sebuah alofon, varian pengucapan dari sebuah fonem

sebuah alofon, varian pengucapan dari sebuah fonem

Ex: The variation of the "r" sound in different dialects of English is an example of allophonic variation.Variasi suara "r" dalam berbagai dialek bahasa Inggris adalah contoh variasi **alofonik**.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

(grammar) the act of omitting a word or words from a sentence, when the meaning is complete and the omission is understood from the context

elipsis, penghilangan

elipsis, penghilangan

Ex: The reporter used ellipses to omit irrelevant details from the interview transcript .Wartawan menggunakan **tiga titik** untuk menghilangkan detail yang tidak relevan dari transkrip wawancara.

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[Kata benda]

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

homonym, homofon

homonym, homofon

Ex: " Match " is a homonym— it can mean a competition or a stick used to start a fire .**Homonym** adalah kata yang dapat berarti kompetisi atau tongkat yang digunakan untuk menyalakan api.

Tutup

[Kata benda]

(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

homofon, kata homofon

homofon, kata homofon

Ex: English learners often find homophones tricky because they sound the same but are spelled differently .Pembelajar bahasa Inggris sering kali merasa **homofon** rumit karena bunyinya sama tetapi penulisannya berbeda.

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[Kata benda]

(phonetics) a gliding speech sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable

diftong, vokal ganda

diftong, vokal ganda

Ex: Linguists study the distribution and evolution of diphthongs across different languages .Ahli bahasa mempelajari distribusi dan evolusi **diftong** di berbagai bahasa.

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[Kata benda]

a word that mimics the sound it represents

onomatope, kata yang meniru suara yang diwakilinya

onomatope, kata yang meniru suara yang diwakilinya

Ex: The use of onomatopoeia adds vividness and immediacy to descriptive writing .Penggunaan **onomatopoe** menambah kejelasan dan ketepatan dalam tulisan deskriptif.

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Kosakata Penting untuk GRE

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