GRE을 위한 필수 어휘 - 언어 및 문학 장치

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

방언

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

구문, 문장 구조

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

격변화, 문법적 격변화

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

활용, 변화

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

활용하다, 동사의 활용

a change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject

도치, 단어 순서 변경

(grammar) a particular form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that acts as the direct object of a verb or preposition, used in some languages such as Greek or Latin

대격

(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective that is used when addressing a particular person or thing

호격

relating to a grammatical case that is used to indicate possession, origin, or a close association

소유격의

‌(of verbs) a form or mood that represents possibility, doubt, or wishes

가정법

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that is used to show by what means or by whom an action is done or to indicate the source of the action, found in some languages such as Latin or Sanskrit

탈격

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that shows the place of an action or where a person or thing is

위치격

(grammar) describing an adjective or noun following a linking verb and completing the meaning of the copula

서술어적인, 서술적

(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, adjective, or pronoun when it takes the role of a verbnouns serving as the grammatical subject of a verb

주격

(grammar)(of a noun or adjective) joined directly to a noun and modifying it, without a linking verb

속성의, 특성의

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

직설법

(grammar) a function word that is used to form a question

의문사, 인터로게이티브

(grammar) a gender of words that are neither masculine nor feminine

중성

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

접사, 접두사/접미사

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

자음 반복

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

아이러니

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

언급, 암시

humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

풍자, 풍자문

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

완곡어

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

유사성, 언어적 유사성

speaking in a way that is sensible and intelligible

일관된, 논리적인

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

어원

(of people) unable to express oneself clearly or easily

불명확한, 뚜렷하지 않은

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

동의어 반복

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used

화용론

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

음성학

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

음소

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

형태소

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

렉세메, 어휘 단위

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

올로폰, 음소 변형

(grammar) the act of omitting a word or words from a sentence, when the meaning is complete and the omission is understood from the context

생략, 엘립시스

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

동음이의어

(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

동음이의어

(phonetics) a gliding speech sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable

이중 모음

a word that mimics the sound it represents

의성어