Необходимый Словарный Запас для GRE - Язык

the spoken form of a language specific to a certain region or people which is slightly different from the standard form in words and grammar

диалект

(linguistics) the way in which words and phrases are arranged to form grammatical sentences in a language

синтаксис

(in the grammar of some languages) a group of nouns, pronouns, or adjectives changing in the same way to indicate case, number, and gender

склонение

(grammar) a change in the structure of a word, usually adding a suffix, according to its grammatical function

флексия

(grammar) to show how a verb changes depending on number, person, tense, etc.

спрягать

a change in normal word order, especially putting a verb before its subject

инверсия

(grammar) a particular form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that acts as the direct object of a verb or preposition, used in some languages such as Greek or Latin

винительный падеж

(in the grammar of some languages) the form of a noun, pronoun, or adjective that is used when addressing a particular person or thing

звательный падеж

relating to a grammatical case that is used to indicate possession, origin, or a close association

родительный падеж

‌(of verbs) a form or mood that represents possibility, doubt, or wishes

сослагательный

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that is used to show by what means or by whom an action is done or to indicate the source of the action, found in some languages such as Latin or Sanskrit

аблатив

(grammar) a specific form of a pronoun, adjective, or noun that shows the place of an action or where a person or thing is

местный падеж

(grammar) describing an adjective or noun following a linking verb and completing the meaning of the copula

предсказующий

a grammatical case used for the subject of a sentence or clause

именительный падеж

(grammar)(of a noun or adjective) joined directly to a noun and modifying it, without a linking verb

атрибутивный

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

изъявительный

(grammar) a function word that is used to form a question

вопросительный

(grammar) a gender of words that are neither masculine nor feminine

средний

(grammar) a letter or group of letters added to the end or beginning of a word to change its meaning

аффикс

the use of the same letter or sound at the beginning of the words in a verse or sentence, used as a literary device

аллитерация

a form of humor in which the words that someone says mean the opposite, producing an emphatic effect

ирония

a statement that implies or indirectly mentions something or someone else, especially as a literary device

аллюзия

humor, irony, ridicule, or sarcasm used to expose or criticize the faults and shortcomings of a person, government, etc.

сатира

a word or expression that is used instead of a harsh or insulting one in order to be more tactful and polite

эвфемизм

(linguistics) a process by which a new word or inflection is formed according to existing rules and regulations

аналогия

(of a person) able to express thoughts or ideas in a clear and consistent manner

связный

the study of the origins and historical developments of words and their meanings

этимология

(of people) unable to express oneself clearly or easily

косноязычный

the redundant repetition of an idea using different words in a sentence or phrase

тавтология

(linguistics) a branch of linguistics that deals with the sentences and the contexts in which they are used

прагматика

the science and study of speech sounds and their production

фонетика

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

фонема

(linguistics) the smallest meaningful unit of a language that does not necessarily stand alone and cannot be divided

морфема

(linguistics) a basic linguistic unit that is meaningful and underlies a set of words which are related through inflection

лексема

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

аллофон

(grammar) the act of omitting a word or words from a sentence, when the meaning is complete and the omission is understood from the context

многоточие

each of two or more words with the same spelling or pronunciation that vary in meaning and origin

омоним

(grammar) one of two or more words with the same pronunciation that differ in meaning, spelling or origin

омофон

(phonetics) a gliding speech sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable

двугла́сный, дифтонг

a word that mimics the sound it represents

звукоподражание