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法律与法规 - 刑法与裁判

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charge
charge
[名词]

an accusation against a person who is on trial

指控,  控告

指控, 控告

Ex: The charges were filed after a thorough investigation revealed substantial evidence. 
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to discharge
to discharge
[动词]

to officially release someone from legal custody, confinement, or a court proceeding

释放,  开释

释放, 开释

Ex: The prisoner was discharged after completing his term. 
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to find
to find
[动词]

(of a law court) to make an official decision

判决, 裁定

判决, 裁定

Ex: The court found the defendant not guilty of the charges due to lack of evidence. 
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to find against

to declare someone guilty or make a decision against someone in a court case

宣判有罪,作出对某人不利的裁决

宣判有罪,作出对某人不利的裁决

Ex: The jury found against the company in the lawsuit. 

陪审团在诉讼中裁决反对该公司。

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to find for
to find for
[动词]

to declare someone right or innocent in a court of law case

宣告无罪, 判定无罪

宣告无罪, 判定无罪

Ex: The jury found for the defendant in the dispute. 

陪审团在争议中作出了有利于被告的裁决。

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finding
finding
[名词]

a judgment or decision reached by a court regarding matters of fact or law

判决, 裁决

判决, 裁决

Ex: The appellate court reviewed the lower court's finding. 
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guilty
guilty
[形容词]

responsible for an illegal act or wrongdoing

有罪的, 负责的

有罪的, 负责的

Ex: Being found guilty of fraud led to severe consequences for the businessman. 

因欺诈被判定有罪给这位商人带来了严重后果。

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wrongful
wrongful
[形容词]

having no legal right or claim

非法的, 不正当的

非法的, 不正当的

Ex: The court rejected her wrongful demand. 

法院驳回了她的无理要求。

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innocent
innocent
[形容词]

not guilty of a crime, offense, or wrongdoing

无罪的,  清白的

无罪的, 清白的

Ex: Daniel insisted that he was innocent. 
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judge
judge
[名词]

the official in charge of a court who decides on legal matters

法官, 裁判官

法官, 裁判官

Ex: She retired after serving as a judge for over thirty years. 
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judgment
judgment
[名词]

the decision of a judge or law court

判决, 决定

判决, 决定

Ex: After reviewing the evidence, the judge issued a judgment of not guilty. 
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judicial
judicial
[形容词]

belonging or appropriate for a court, a judge, or the administration of justice

司法的

司法的

Ex: Judicial review is a process by which courts examine the constitutionality of laws and governmental actions. 

司法审查是法院审查法律和政府行为合宪性的过程。

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jurisdiction
jurisdiction
[名词]

the legal authority of a court, government, or official organization to make decisions and judgments

管辖权,  司法权

管辖权, 司法权

Ex: This matter falls under the jurisdiction of the federal government. 
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justiciary
justiciary
[名词]

the process of administering justice or carrying out legal judgments

司法执行, 司法机构

司法执行, 司法机构

Ex: Reforms were introduced to improve the justiciary system. 

引入了改革以改善司法系统。

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majority verdict

(law) a decision supported or made by a jury that most of the people, but not all agree with

多数裁决, 多数决定

多数裁决, 多数决定

Ex: A majority verdict was accepted in the criminal trial. 

在刑事审判中接受了多数裁决。

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to pardon
to pardon
[动词]

to officially forgive someone for a crime and cancel or reduce the legal punishment

赦免,  宽恕

赦免, 宽恕

Ex: Several political prisoners were pardoned and released. 
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to prosecute
to prosecute
[动词]

to try to charge someone officially with a crime in a court as the lawyer of the accuser

起诉, 控告

起诉, 控告

Ex: She was asked to prosecute the case, bringing the defendant to trial for fraud. 

她被要求起诉此案,以欺诈罪将被告送上法庭。

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prosecution
prosecution
[名词]

the legal process of officially accusing someone of a crime and trying to prove their guilt in court

起诉,  检控

起诉, 检控

Ex: Police gathered enough evidence to begin a prosecution. 
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to rule
to rule
[动词]

to officially declare or state something as true, especially in a legal or authoritative manner

裁定, 判决

裁定, 判决

Ex: The board ruled that the application met all the necessary requirements. 
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ruling
ruling
[名词]

a decision made by someone with official power, particularly a judge

裁决, 判决

裁决, 判决

Ex: The school board's ruling to implement a new dress code policy sparked controversy among parents and students. 
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to try
to try
[动词]

to put a person on trial or investigate a case in a trial

审判, 审理

审判, 审理

Ex: The case was tried in a lower court before being appealed. 
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verdict
verdict
[名词]

the formal decision reached by a jury in a court case

裁决,  判决

裁决, 判决

Ex: The court is expected to announce the verdict tomorrow. 
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bail
bail
[名词]

an amount of money that must be paid in order for someone who is accused of a crime to be released until their trial

保释金, 保释

保释金, 保释

Ex: The accused was unable to afford the bail amount and remained in custody until the court date. 
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to bail out
to bail out
[动词]

to pay money to the court to release someone from custody until their trial

保释, 交保释金使其暂时获释

保释, 交保释金使其暂时获释

Ex: The celebrity's manager rushed to bail her out after the late-night arrest. 

这位名人的经理在深夜被捕后急忙保释她。

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cross-examination

the questioning of a witness by the opposing lawyer in court

交叉询问, 反诘问

交叉询问, 反诘问

Ex: She was nervous during the cross-examination. 

她在交叉询问期间很紧张。

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to cross examine

to question a witness in court by the opposing lawyer to test their testimony

交叉询问, 对方律师盘问证人

交叉询问, 对方律师盘问证人

Ex: He was nervous when the prosecutor began to cross-examine him. 

当检察官开始交叉询问他时,他很紧张。

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to defend
to defend
[动词]

to represent a person who is on trial

辩护,  代表

辩护, 代表

Ex: The public defender was assigned to defend the client who could not afford private counsel. 
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defense
defense
[名词]

the person on trial and their legal team representing them in court

辩护方, 被告方

辩护方, 被告方

Ex: The defense presented an alternative interpretation of the facts. 
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to convict
to convict
[动词]

to officially find someone guilty of a crime in a court of law

定罪

定罪

Ex: There was not enough evidence to convict Sarah of the offense. 
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conviction
conviction
[名词]

a court's formal judgment that someone is guilty of a crime

定罪

定罪

Ex: Michael appealed his conviction to a higher court. 
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parole
parole
[名词]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

假释

假释

Ex: The parole board reviews each case individually to determine if an inmate meets the criteria for early release. 

假释委员会会逐一审查每个案件,以确定囚犯是否符合提前释放的标准。

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legal action
legal action
[名词]

a process in court where one person or group sues or takes a case against another

法律诉讼, 法律行动

法律诉讼, 法律行动

Ex: She considered legal action after the accident. 

事故发生后,她考虑采取法律行动。

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to deport
to deport
[动词]

to force a foreigner to leave a country, usually because they have broken the law

驱逐出境, 递解出境

驱逐出境, 递解出境

Ex: During World War II, the United States deported hundreds of immigrants back to Germany, Italy and Japan. 

第二次世界大战期间,美国将数百名移民驱逐回德国、意大利和日本。

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to uphold
to uphold
[动词]

(particularly of a law court) to state that a previous decision is correct

确认, 维持

确认, 维持

Ex: The appeals court upheld the conviction, stating that the trial had been conducted fairly. 

上诉法院维持了定罪,称审判是公正进行的。

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