Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 6-7) - Biology

Here, you will learn some English words related to Biology that are necessary for the Academic IELTS exam.

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enzyme

[noun]

a substance that all living organisms produce that brings about a chemical reaction without being altered itself

Ex: The detergent contains enzymes that break down protein stains , such as blood and grass , on clothing .

membrane

[noun]

a thin sheet of tissue that separates or covers the inner parts of an organism

Ex: The blood-brain barrier is a specialized membrane that protects the brain .

tissue

[noun]

a group of cells in the body of living things, forming their different parts

Ex: Adipose tissue , commonly known as fat tissue, stores energy and cushions organs in the body .

plasma

[noun]

(biology) the colorless liquid part of the blood in which the blood cells are suspended

lipid

[noun]

any of a class of organic substances that do not dissolve in water that include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids

amino acid

[noun]

any organic compound that creates the basic structure of proteins

synapse

[noun]

a junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

Ex: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a phenomenon occurring at synapses, associated with the strengthening of synaptic connections and learning and memory.

genotype

[noun]

the genetic makeup of an organism, determined by the combination of genes inherited from its parents

Ex: In selective breeding , farmers aim to produce crops with specific desirable traits by manipulating the genotype of plants .

meiosis

[noun]

a type of cell division that creates reproductive cells with half the usual number of chromosomes

Ex: The phases of meiosis include prophase I , metaphase I , anaphase I , telophase I , prophase II , metaphase II , anaphase II , and telophase II .

mitosis

[noun]

a type of cell division that results in the formation of two daughter cells, each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell

Ex: Somatic cells undergo mitosis, ensuring that each daughter cell retains the same genetic information as the parent cell .

endocrine

[noun]

the system of glands and organs that produce and release hormones into the bloodstream, regulating various physiological functions and maintaining homeostasis

Ex: Disorders such as diabetes and hyperthyroidism can result from imbalances in the endocrine system, affecting overall health and well-being.

exocrine

[noun]

a gland that secretes substances, such as enzymes or mucus, through ducts that lead to the external environment or a body cavity, rather than directly into the bloodstream

Ex: Mammary glands are exocrine glands that produce milk and release it through ducts during breastfeeding.

cortisol

[noun]

a steroid hormone that the body produces and is used in medicine to help cure skin diseases

Ex: The medication contains cortisol to reduce inflammation and swelling .

stimulus

[noun]

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

Ex: Teachers often use interactive and engaging stimuli, like educational games or hands-on activities , to stimulate interest and enhance the learning experience in the classroom .

axon

[noun]

a long, slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons or target cells

vesicle

[noun]

a small, membrane-bound sac within a cell, involved in the transport, storage, or release of substances

Ex: Endocytic vesicles form when cells engulf external materials through processes like phagocytosis or pinocytosis , bringing them into the cell .

Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 6-7)

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Vocabulary for IELTS Academic (Band 6-7) - Biology