Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced) - State & Condition

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chilly [adjective]

cold in an unpleasant or uncomfortable way

Ex: They put on sweaters to combat the chilly night .

overcrowded [adjective]

(of a space or area) filled with too many people or things, causing discomfort or lack of space

Ex: The city 's public transportation system is often overcrowded during rush hour .

refreshed [adjective]

(of a person) feeling less tired and more energized, typically after rest or a break

Ex:

dysfunctional [adjective]

not working normally in the body

Ex: The disease causes dysfunctional liver cells .

open-ended [adjective]

designed to allow for later additions, changes, or adaptations

Ex: Their agreement had open-ended terms subject to revision .

downward spiral [phrase]

a continuous worsening of a situation, where one negative event causes another, leading to further decline

Ex:

nasty [adjective]

extremely unpleasant or disagreeable

Ex: The nasty weather ruined our plans for a day at the beach .

drawn-out [adjective]

prolonged or extended longer than expected or necessary

Ex: Her explanation was unnecessarily drawn-out , making the audience lose interest .

immobile [adjective]

unable to move

Ex: He stood immobile , frozen with shock .

a thing of the past [phrase]

something that does not exist or happen anymore due to being replaced by something more modern or desirable

Ex: The days of handwritten letters and paper correspondence are now a thing of the past with email and instant messaging .

disposable [adjective]

meant to be thrown away after being used

Ex:

beyond recognition [adverb]

so changed or damaged that it looks completely different or is no longer identifiable

Ex:

running [adjective]

occurring repeatedly over a period of time

Ex: There 's a running theme of friendship in the novel .

unprecedented [adjective]

never having existed or happened before

Ex: The company achieved unprecedented success with its innovative marketing campaign .

made-to-measure [adjective]

made to fit the specific size and requirements of a person or thing

Ex: The tailor specializes in creating made-to-measure shirts .

arid [adjective]

(of land or a climate) very dry because of not having enough or any rain

Ex: Plants and animals in arid environments have adapted to survive with minimal water , using specialized features like deep roots or nocturnal behavior .

on track [phrase]

following the right course in order to achieve a particular result or reach a particular goal

Ex: After several setbacks , the team is finally back on track .

tight [adjective]

having little available money or time, making it difficult to manage or spend freely

Ex: They 're tight after buying a new car .

airborne [adjective]

related to something that is moving or transported through the air

Ex: Military personnel conducted airborne operations to parachute into enemy territory .

impending [adjective]

about to happen soon, often with a sense of threat or urgency

Ex: The teacher warned the students about the impending exam .

top-of-the-form [adjective]

(of a person) achieving the highest marks or best results in a class, exam, or competition

Ex:

home from home [phrase]

a place where one feels as comfortable and at ease as they do in their own home

Ex: She made her dorm room a home from home by adding personal touches .

room to swing a cat [phrase]

a small or confined room with very limited space for movement

Ex: The tiny conference room provided very little room to swing a cat , making the meeting feel cramped .

a stone's throw [phrase]

a distance that is very short

Ex: The school is a stone 's throw from our neighborhood , which is convenient for the kids .

watertight [adjective]

not letting water in or out

Ex:

sluggish [adjective]

moving, reacting, or functioning more slowly than usual

Ex: The engine was sluggish in the cold weather .

vicious (circle|cycle) [noun]

a situation where one problem brings about another and that only worsens the original problem

Ex: In unhealthy relationships , a lack of trust and communication can contribute to a vicious circle of misunderstandings and conflict .

fleeting [adjective]

continuing or existing for a very short amount of time

Ex: Her smile was fleeting , disappearing as soon as the camera flashed .

irreversible [adjective]

unable to be undone, changed, or corrected once something has occurred

Ex: Deforestation on a massive scale may initiate irreversible changes to the local climate and environment .

to stand up to [verb]

to endure harsh conditions without being significantly damaged

Ex:

innocence [noun]

the quality of being free from worldly experience

Ex: Her innocence about city life was charming to the locals .

warring [adjective]

involved in hostilities

Ex:

Cambridge English: CAE (C1 Advanced)
Ecological Principles & Conservation	Pollution, Waste & Human Impact	Energy, Resources & Environmental Events	Physics & States of Matter
Chemical & Material Processes	Biology, Genetics & Life Processes	Art Forms & Creative Processes	The Art Scene
Sports	Medical Practices & Treatments	Illnesses, Injuries & Specific Conditions	General Health & Medical Systems
Social Disadvantage & Core Issues	Personal Traits & Character	Societal Frameworks, Governance & Welfare	Recruitment & Job Roles
Workplace Culture & Career	Trade & Market Dynamics	Technological Devices & Systems	Telephoning & Direct Speech
Physical Appearance & Form	Academic Studies & Qualifications	Skills & Competencies	Crime & Legal Consequences
Apparel, Cost & Styles	Historical Societies & Economic Systems	Work Performance & Conditions	Financial Management & Economic Health
Corporate Structures & Strategic Actions	Social Navigation & Behavior Patterns	Perspectives, Beliefs & Navigating Challenges	Traits & Self-Concept
Cognitive Processes & Memory	Analysis, Judgment & Problem Solving	Innovation, Development & Function	Superstition & Supernatural
Media, Publishing & Information Dynamics	Emotional States & Reactions	Communicative Interpretation & Expression	Formal Communication & Information Exchange
Social Influence & Strategies	Personal Conduct & Self-Management	State & Condition	Relational & Abstract Qualities
Clarity, Perception & Reality	Style & Atmosphere	Negative Judgments & Flaws	Positive Judgments & High Value
Challenging Interactions & Social Tactics	Family & Social Connections	Adverbs & Adverbial Phrases	Manual Actions or Physical Movement
Level & Intensity	Everyday Objects & Domestic Life	Food, Cooking & Dining	Creatures & Their Behaviors