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Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Preference, Obligation, and Permission

Here you will learn some English words about preference, obligation, and permission, such as "taboo", "licitly", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
to lean towards

to favor something, especially an opinion

Ex: The new evidence seems to lean towards the prosecution's theory. 
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to mandate

to make something obligatory

Ex: The school has mandated regular vaccinations for all students. 
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to stipulate

to specify that something needs to be done or how it should be done, especially as part of an agreement

Ex: The contract stipulates that the payment must be made within 30 days of the invoice date. 
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authorization

an official approval or consent for an action to be carried out

Ex: He received authorization to use the patented technology. 
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admissibility

the validity or acceptability of something, especially as legal evidence

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discretion

the power or freedom of making decisions in a particular situation

Ex: The judge used her discretion to grant the defendant a more lenient sentence. 
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dispensation

the privilege of being officially released from an obligation, law, or something that is usually prohibited

Ex: He received a special dispensation from the school to miss the exam due to personal reasons. 
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embargo
embargo
[noun]

an official order according to which any commercial activity with a particular country is banned

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immunity
immunity
[noun]

an official exemption that is granted to someone, especially from legal proceedings

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inclination

one's natural desire and feeling to take a specific action or act in a particular manner

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injunction

a strong directive or order from an authority

Ex: The teacher issued an injunction to the students to stop running in the hallways. 
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leaning
leaning
[noun]

a tendency to believe in or favor something

Ex: She has a strong leaning towards progressive policies. 
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legitimacy

the quality of being acceptable by the law

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predilection

a strong liking for something

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prerequisite

something that is required as a precondition for something else following

Ex: A bachelor's degree is a prerequisite for admission to the master's program. 
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propensity

a natural inclination to behave in a certain way or exhibit particular characteristics

Ex: He has a propensity for taking risks, which makes him a successful entrepreneur. 
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prudence
prudence
[noun]

the quality of being careful and avoiding risks

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sanction
sanction
[noun]

formal and official approval or authorization

Ex: The plan received official sanction from the board. 
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taboo
taboo
[noun]

a topic, term, or action that is forbidden or avoided for religious or cultural reasons

Ex: Discussing politics can be a taboo in certain social circles. 
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binding
binding
[Adjective]

legally required to be followed and cannot be avoided

Ex: Signing the lease makes it a binding contract, so you're committed to paying rent for the agreed-upon period. 
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coercive
coercive
[Adjective]

using force or threat to persuade people to do something that they are reluctant to do

Ex: The coercive tactics employed by the dictator silenced dissenting voices. 
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compelling
compelling
[Adjective]

persuasive in a way that captures attention or convinces effectively

Ex: The speaker delivered a compelling argument that persuaded many to change their views. 
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copacetic
copacetic
[Adjective]

extremely good or satisfactory

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exempt
exempt
[Adjective]

(of a person) not subject to an obligation, duty, or liability that applies to others

Ex: Firefighters are exempt from paying parking tickets while on duty. 
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illegitimate
illegitimate
[Adjective]

not allowed by the law

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imperative
imperative
[Adjective]

having great importance and requiring immediate attention or action

Ex: It is imperative that we address climate change to ensure the well-being of future generations. 
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licitly
licitly
[Adverb]

in a manner that is acceptable by the law

Ex: The company licitly obtained all the necessary permits before starting construction. 
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statutory
statutory
[Adjective]

according to or allowed by law

Ex: The company's actions were found to be in compliance with statutory regulations. 
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stringent
stringent
[Adjective]

(of a law, regulation, rule, etc.) extremely limiting and strict

Ex: The company had stringent rules about employee conduct. 
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unlawful
unlawful
[Adjective]

not permitted by or conforming to the law or regulations

Ex: It's unlawful to trespass on private property without permission. 
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