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C1 Level Wordlist - Science

Here you will learn some English words about science, such as "atomic", "density", "evolution", etc. prepared for C1 learners.

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CEFR C1 Vocabulary
atomic
atomic
[Adjective]

related to atoms, the smallest units of matter, including their structure, properties, and interactions

Ex: The atomic structure of an element includes its nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. 
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nucleus
nucleus
[noun]

(biology) the part of a cell that contains most of the genetic information

Ex: The nucleus of a cell contains genetic material in the form of DNA, which regulates cellular activities. 
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bond
bond
[noun]

a link that holds atoms or ions together in any molecule or crystal

Ex: The covalent bond between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms forms a water molecule. 
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charge
charge
[noun]

the physical property in matter that causes it to experience a force in an electromagnetic field

Ex: Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter that can be positive or negative. 
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density
density
[noun]

(physics) the degree to which a substance is compacted, measured by dividing its mass by its volume

Ex: The density of water is approximately 1 gram per cubic centimeter (g/cm³). 
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gravity
gravity
[noun]

(physics) the universal force of attraction between any pair of objects with mass

Ex: Gravity is what keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun and the Moon in orbit around the Earth. 
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particle
particle
[noun]

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

Ex: Electrons are fundamental particles with a negative electric charge. 
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property
property
[noun]

a feature or quality of something

Ex: The most desirable property of the new smartphone is its long-lasting battery life. 
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instinct
instinct
[noun]

a natural reaction or behavior that occurs automatically, without conscious thought or reasoning

Ex: The mother bird followed her instinct to build a nest and protect her eggs. 
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metabolism

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

Ex: Metabolism involves various biochemical reactions that convert nutrients from food into energy. 
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evolutionary
evolutionary
[Adjective]

related to evolution or the slow and gradual development of something

Ex: The evolutionary process has led to the diverse array of life forms we see today. 
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organic
organic
[Adjective]

from or related to living things

Ex: Organic chemistry focuses on the study of carbon-containing compounds found in living organisms. 
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evolution
evolution
[noun]

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

Ex: Evolution is the process by which species change over time in response to environmental pressures. 
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genome
genome
[noun]

the complete set of genetic material of any living thing

Ex: The human genome consists of approximately 3 billion base pairs of DNA, encoding all the information needed for human development and function. 
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mutation
mutation
[noun]

(biology) a change in the structure of the genes of an individual that causes them to develop different physical features

Ex: The fish exhibited a unique fin shape, which was later identified as a result of a genetic mutation. 
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embryo
embryo
[noun]

an unhatched or unborn offspring in the process of development, especially a human offspring roughly from the second to the eighth week after fertilization

Ex: During the first trimester, the human embryo undergoes rapid cell division and differentiation to form essential organs. 
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hybrid
hybrid
[noun]

an animal or plant with parents that belong to different breeds or varieties

Ex: The farmer proudly displayed his new hybrid, a cross between a Brahman and an Angus, which combined the best traits of both cattle breeds. 
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clone
clone
[noun]

a cell or a group of cells created through a natural or artificial process from a source that they are genetically identical to

Ex: The scientists observed the behavior of the bacterial clone to understand how it would respond to different antibiotics. 
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to reproduce

(of a living being) to produce offspring or more of itself

Ex: Animals reproduce by giving birth to or laying eggs that hatch into offspring. 
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stimulus
stimulus
[noun]

something that triggers a reaction in various areas like psychology or physiology

Ex: In a lab experiment, the researchers applied a visual stimulus to study participants to observe and measure their neurological responses. 
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synthesis
synthesis
[noun]

the act of producing a substance that exists in living beings

Ex: The liver plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins necessary for blood clotting. 
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to accelerate

to increase the velocity of something

Ex: The physicist designed an experiment to study how magnetic fields can accelerate charged particles to high velocities. 
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to dissolve

(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

Ex: Sugar dissolves quickly in hot tea. 
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acid
acid
[noun]

a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7

Ex: The lemon juice contains citric acid, which gives it a sour taste and a pH of around 2. 
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aluminum
aluminum
[noun]

a light silver-gray metal used primarily for making cooking equipment and aircraft parts

Ex: The new set of aluminum cookware is both lightweight and highly resistant to corrosion, making it perfect for the kitchen. 
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copper
copper
[noun]

a metallic chemical element that has a red-brown color, primarily used as a conductor in wiring

Ex: Copper is valued for its high electrical conductivity, which makes it ideal for wiring in electrical systems. 
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lead
lead
[noun]

a heavy soft metal, used in making bullets, in plumbing and roofing, especially in the past

Ex: Historically, lead was commonly used in plumbing systems due to its malleability and corrosion resistance. 
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conductor
conductor
[noun]

a substance that permits electricity to pass through or along it

Ex: Copper is widely used as a conductor in electrical wiring because of its excellent conductivity. 
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crystal
crystal
[noun]

a solid substance formed when a chemical compound solidifies, with atoms arranged in a highly regular, repeating pattern

Ex: Salt forms a cubic crystal when it solidifies. 
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gunpowder
gunpowder
[noun]

a type of powder that is explosive, used in making bullets, bombs, etc.

Ex: Gunpowder, also known as black powder, is a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur. 
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dynamite
dynamite
[noun]

an explosive that is very powerful

Ex: Dynamite is an explosive material consisting of nitroglycerin absorbed in an inert substance, typically sawdust or clay. 
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composition

the different elements that form something or the arrangement of these elements

Ex: The composition of water molecules consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, chemically bonded together. 
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to emit
to emit
[Verb]

to release heat, light, sound, radiation, etc.

Ex: The campfire emitted a warm glow, providing light and heat to the surrounding area. 
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ray
ray
[noun]

a column of light, such as that emitted from a beacon or focused source

Ex: A ray of sunlight streamed through the window. 
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laser
laser
[noun]

a device that produces a powerful and concentrated beam of light that can be used in medical procedures, for cutting metal objects, etc.

Ex: The surgeon used a laser to precisely remove the tumor without damaging surrounding tissues. 
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magnet
magnet
[noun]

an object that produces an invisible field capable of attracting certain metals without physical contact

Ex: At school we played with magnets and saw how they push and pull metal pieces on a sheet. 
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thermal
thermal
[Adjective]

related to heat or temperature, including how heat moves, how materials expand with temperature changes, and the energy stored in heat

Ex: As the temperature increased, the metal expanded due to thermal expansion. 
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to compress

to press two things together or be pressed together to become smaller

Ex: She compressed her lips together to suppress a smile. 
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generator
generator
[noun]

a machine that produces electricity by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy

Ex: The hydroelectric generator harnesses the power of flowing water to produce electricity for nearby communities. 
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to evaporate

to become gas or vapor from liquid

Ex: Water can evaporate when exposed to heat. 
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vacuum
vacuum
[noun]

a space that is utterly empty of all matter

Ex: In physics, a vacuum is defined as a space devoid of any matter particles, including atoms and molecules. 
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infinite
infinite
[Adjective]

without end or limits in extent, amount, or space

Ex: The universe is believed to be infinite in size, with no discernible boundaries. 
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residue
residue
[noun]

a small remaining amount or part of a thing after it has been taken, used, etc.

Ex: The chemist found a residue of chemicals left in the test tube after the experiment was completed. 
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