abacus
nouna flat, square block that sits on top of a column, used to support the parts above it such as a roof
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apophyge
nounthe curved or sloping transition between the shaft of a column and its base or capital, providing a graceful connection between the two elements
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atlas
nouna sculpted male figure or column in the form of a standing human figure, often used as a decorative support or columnar element in architecture
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base
nounthe bottom portion or support of a column, pillar, or structure, providing stability and transitioning between the column and the ground or foundation
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caryatid
nouna sculpted female figure used as a supporting column or pillar in architecture, often taking the place of a traditional column and bearing the weight of the structure on its head and shoulders
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entasis
nounthe slight curvature applied to the shaft of a column to create an optical illusion of straightness and visual harmony
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footstall
nounthe base or lower part of a column that provides support and stability, typically consisting of a wider section at the bottom that rests on the ground or a pedestal
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neck
nounthe narrow, usually cylindrical section between the capital and the shaft of a column, serving as a transitional element
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shaft
nounthe long, vertical, and usually cylindrical part of a column between the base and the capital. It is the main body of the column that supports the entablature or architrave above
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torus
nouna convex, semi-circular molding or projection that is often used to ornament the base or capital of a column, providing visual interest and a decorative touch
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Doric column
nouna type of classical architectural column characterized by a plain, fluted shaft, a capital with a simple circular molding, and no base
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Ionic column
nouna type of classical architectural column characterized by a slender, fluted shaft, a capital with volutes (scroll-like ornaments), and a base
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Corinthian column
nouna type of classical architectural column characterized by a slender, fluted shaft, a capital adorned with acanthus leaves, and a base
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pedestal
nouna base or support structure for an architectural element or statue
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capital
nounthe part of a column that is located at top
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term
nouna decorative column or pilaster that typically features a human or animal head or bust at the top, often used to support an entablature or other architectural elements
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pilaster
nouna vertical, rectangular or flattened column-like element that is typically attached to a wall and often features a capital, base, and entablature
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arris
nounthe sharp edge or ridge formed by the meeting of two surfaces, particularly in architectural elements such as columns, moldings, or corners of buildings, often created by chamfering or beveling the edges
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echinus
nouna rounded and convex element found in the capital of a column, adding visual appeal to the architectural design
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anta
nouna structural element in architecture that refers to a square or rectangular column or pilaster-like projection at the end of a wall, typically found at the corners of a building or as a division between spaces
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plinth
nouna broad, flat base that serves as a foundation for a column, statue, or structure
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colonnade
nouna row of columns having equal distance from each other, often supporting a roof or arch
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flute
nouna shallow vertical groove or channel that is typically found on the surface of a column or pilaster
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octagonal column
nouna column with eight sides or faces, forming an octagon shape, commonly used in architectural design to provide structural support and aesthetic variation
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square column
nouna column with four sides or faces, forming a square shape, often used in architecture to provide support and visual symmetry in structures such as buildings, temples, or porticos
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smooth column
nouna plain and unadorned column without any decorative features or textures
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engaged column
nouna column that is partially embedded or attached to a wall, often used in architecture as a decorative element or for structural support, appearing as a half-column projecting from a surface
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Solomonic Column
nouna twisted or spiral column characterized by a helical or corkscrew-like design, commonly associated with Baroque and Renaissance architecture
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Tuscan column
nouna column designed in the Tuscan order, featuring a plain and unadorned shaft with a simple capital and base, known for its simplicity and classical proportions
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trumeau
nouna vertical supporting element that divides a large opening, such as a doorway or window, into two smaller sections
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cap
nouna simple protective or finishing element placed on top of the column shaft
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pier
nouna vertical column or support used to bear and transfer the load of a building, bridge, or other structures to the ground or water
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skew arch
nouna diagonal arch that spans across a structure, such as a bridge or tunnel, to accommodate an oblique alignment
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