ACT English and World Knowledge - Temporary and Relative Roles

Learn ACT vocabulary for temporary, situational, and relative roles, including terms that describe people according to circumstances, relationships, or functions.

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ACT Vocabulary for English and World Knowledge

passer-by

[noun]

someone who happens to be walking past a particular person, place, or event

Ex: The passer-by stopped to help when he saw the woman struggling with her bags.

pedestrian

[noun]

a person who is on foot and not in or on a vehicle

Ex: The city installed a new pedestrian crossing near the school to ensure the children's safety.

bystander

[noun]

a person who is present at an event or incident but does not take part in it

Ex: The bystander watched the accident unfold but did not intervene.

peer

[noun]

a person who is the same age, has the same social status, or has similar abilities or qualifications as another person

Ex: Emma is highly respected by her professional peers.

spectator

[noun]

a person who watches sport competitions closely

Ex: The enthusiastic spectator cheered loudly as her favorite team scored the winning goal in the final minutes of the match.

commuter

[noun]

a person who regularly travels to city for work

Ex: The train is always packed with commuters during rush hour.

outsider

[noun]

a person who does not belong to or is not involved in a particular group, organization, community, or place

Ex: As an outsider, Sarah found it difficult to understand the company's traditions.

companion

[noun]

a person or animal that spends time with someone and provides company

Ex: Emma has been my close companion for many years.

colleague

[noun]

someone with whom one works

Ex: My colleague and I collaborated on a project that received high praise from our manager for its innovative approach.

applicant

[noun]

a person who formally requests or applies for something, such as a job, admission, or financial support

Ex: More than two hundred applicants applied for the position.

respondent

[noun]

a person who answers a question, survey, request, or other communication

Ex: Each respondent was asked to complete a short questionnaire.

recipient

[noun]

a person who receives something, such as an award, message, or item

Ex: She was the recipient of the scholarship.

beneficiary

[noun]

a person who receives money or benefits

Ex: When buying life insurance, make sure to name a beneficiary who will receive the payout.

apprentice

[noun]

someone who works for a skilled person for a specific period of time to learn their skills, usually earning a low income

Ex: Apprentices often do tasks under close supervision.

ridership

[noun]

the number of people who use a particular form of public transportation over a given period

Ex: The city's transit authority reported a significant increase in ridership following the introduction of a new express bus route.

clientele

[noun]

the collective body of clients served by a business, professional, or institution

Ex: The boutique's clientele favored minimalist fashion and high-end fabrics.

inmate

[noun]

a person who resides in a shared living space, such as a household, institution, or facility

Ex: The inmates of the dormitory shared a common kitchen and living area.

mentor

[noun]

a reliable and experienced person who helps those with less experience

Ex: The aspiring artist found a mentor who provided valuable feedback and encouragement to help him develop his artistic skills.

renegade

[noun]

someone who rejects conventional behavior or allegiance

Ex: She was considered a renegade for her unconventional style and refusal to conform to traditional artistic norms.

representative

[noun]

someone acting on behalf of others

Ex: The union sent a representative to the meeting.

guardian

[noun]

a person who protects or takes care of someone or something, especially as a particular responsibility

Ex: Her aunt became her guardian after her parents died.

donor

[noun]

someone or something that gives money, clothes, etc. to a charity for free

Ex: The hospital honored its largest donor for contributing funds to build a new pediatric wing.

newlywed

[noun]

someone who has recently gotten married

Ex: The newlyweds spent their first week of marriage on a romantic honeymoon in Paris.

valedictorian

[noun]

an elite student with the highest grade throughout school that gets chosen to give a speech at their graduation ceremony

Ex: Sarah was named valedictorian of her graduating class for achieving the highest grade point average.

steward

[noun]

a person employed to manage the property, finances, or affairs of another person or organization

Ex: The estate steward managed the owner's finances and property.

expat

[noun]

a person who resides outside their native country, often for work or personal reasons

Ex: As an expat, she quickly adapted to the customs and lifestyle of her new country.

veteran

[noun]

a person who has previously served in the armed forces, especially one who served during a war

Ex: The organization provides housing assistance to military veterans.

caregiver

[noun]

someone who looks after a child or an old, sick, or disabled person at home

Ex: She quit her job to become a full-time caregiver for her elderly mother.

enrollee

[noun]

a person who is registered or signed up for a course, program, or institution

Ex: Each new enrollee received a welcome packet with information about the university.

ACT English and World Knowledge
Infrequent Meanings	Figurative Meanings	Concrete Phrasal Verbs	Abstract Phrasal Verbs
Useful Collocations	Useful Idioms	Transition Words	Intensifiers and Mitigators
People	Job and Social Titles	Temporary and Relative Roles	Human Qualities and Appearance
Natural World	Land and Water	Physical World	Everyday Objects
Technical Objects	Physical Features	Appearance and Texture	Sound and Size

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