ACT English and World Knowledge - Temporary and Relative Roles

Here you will learn some English words related to temporary and relative roles, such as "inmate", "respondent", "expat", etc. that will help you ace your ACTs.

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passer-by [noun]

someone who happens to be walking past a particular person, place, or event

Ex: A passer-by witnessed the accident and called for emergency services immediately .

pedestrian [noun]

a person who is on foot and not in or on a vehicle

Ex: Pedestrians should always use the sidewalk and avoid walking on the road .

bystander [noun]

a person who is present at an event or incident but does not take part in it

Ex: The bystander provided crucial eyewitness testimony to the police .

peer [noun]

a person of the same age, social status, or capability as another specified individual

Ex: The summer camp aimed to create a supportive environment where children could interact with peers and develop social skills .

spectator [noun]

a person who watches sport competitions closely

Ex: The stadium was filled with spectators , all eagerly awaiting the start of the championship game .

commuter [noun]

a person who regularly travels to city for work

Ex: Many commuters prefer public transport to avoid traffic .

outsider [noun]

a person who is not a member of a particular group, society, etc.

Ex: The artist was an outsider to the mainstream art world but gained a cult following .

companion [noun]

someone or something that regularly keeps another company, providing friendship, support, or association

Ex: He considered his mentor a trusted companion .

colleague [noun]

someone with whom one works

Ex: During the annual company retreat , I had the chance to bond with colleagues from different departments , which helped strengthen our professional network .

applicant [noun]

someone who formally applies for something, especially a job, position, or opportunity

Ex: The scholarship committee reviewed hundreds of applicants from across the country .

respondent [noun]

a person who answers or reacts

Ex: During the interview , the job applicant proved to be an articulate respondent , addressing each question with clarity .

recipient [noun]

a person who receives something, such as an award, message, or item

Ex: He became the recipient of numerous letters of support .

beneficiary [noun]

a person who receives money or benefits

Ex: When buying life insurance , make sure to name a beneficiary who will receive the payout .

apprentice [noun]

someone who works for a skilled person for a specific period of time to learn their skills, usually earning a low income

Ex: At the pottery studio , each artist has their own apprentice .

ridership [noun]

the number of people who use a particular form of public transportation over a given period

Ex: To boost ridership , the transit company is offering discounts on monthly passes .

clientele [noun]

the collective body of clients served by a business, professional, or institution

Ex: The restaurant catered to an upscale clientele with refined tastes .

inmate [noun]

a person who resides in a shared living space, such as a household, institution, or facility

Ex: During the winter , the shelter saw an increase in the number of inmates seeking refuge .

mentor [noun]

a reliable and experienced person who helps those with less experience

Ex: As a young entrepreneur , she sought guidance from an experienced mentor who helped her navigate the challenges of starting a business .

renegade [noun]

someone who rejects conventional behavior or allegiance

Ex: In the Wild West , renegades roamed the frontier , defying the law and causing chaos wherever they went .

representative [noun]

a person who acts on behalf of a group of people, especially in a legislative or official role

Ex:

guardian [noun]

a person or thing that is responsible for the care, safety, and maintenance of someone or something

Ex: The ancient castle 's guardian stood watch over its treasures and artifacts .

donor [noun]

someone or something that gives money, clothes, etc. to a charity for free

Ex: The charity organized a special event to recognize its long-term donor for years of support .

newlywed [noun]

someone who has recently gotten married

Ex: The newlywed 's home was filled with wedding photos and mementos from their recent ceremony .

valedictorian [noun]

an elite student with the highest grade throughout school that gets chosen to give a speech at their graduation ceremony

Ex:

steward [noun]

a person who manages and oversees the property, finances, or affairs of another person or organization

Ex: The company hired a steward to oversee the maintenance and operations of their office buildings .

expat [noun]

a person who resides outside their native country, often for work or personal reasons

Ex: He joined an expat community to connect with others who shared similar experiences abroad .

veteran [noun]

a former member of the armed forces who has fought in a war

Ex: The organization provides support services for homeless veterans in the community .

caregiver [noun]

someone who looks after a child or an old, sick, or disabled person at home

Ex: The caregiver assisted the patient with daily tasks such as bathing and dressing .

enrollee [noun]

a person who is registered or signed up for a course, program, or institution

Ex: As an enrollee in the online course , she had access to all the learning materials and resources .

ACT English and World Knowledge
Infrequent Meanings	Figurative Meanings	Concrete Phrasal Verbs	Abstract Phrasal Verbs
Useful Collocations	Useful Idioms	Transition Words	Intensifiers and Mitigators
People	Job and Social Titles	Temporary and Relative Roles	Human Qualities and Appearance
Natural World	Land and Water	Physical World	Everyday Objects
Technical Objects	Physical Features	Appearance and Texture	Sound and Size
Movement	Human Movement	Placement