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Advanced Vocabulary for TOEFL - Literature and Writing

Here you will learn some English words about literature and writing, such as "lurid", "epic", "psalm", etc. that are needed for the TOEFL exam.

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Advanced Words Needed for TOEFL
lurid
[Adjective]

shocking or sensational, especially in a gruesome or vulgar way

Ex: lurid gossip surrounding the celebrity 's drug addiction and erratic behavior painted a troubling picture of the pressures of fame and fortune .
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turgid
[Adjective]

(of speech or writing) using a serious and elevated style that makes it tedious and complicated

Ex: The legal document was filled turgid language that made it nearly impossible to understand .
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doggerel
[noun]

humorous and poorly written poetry

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elegy
[noun]

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

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epic
[noun]

a long poem in narrative form giving an account of the extraordinary deeds and adventures of a nation's heroes or legends

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haiku
[noun]

a Japanese poem with three unrhymed lines that have five, seven and five syllables each

Ex: She recited haiku about the fleeting cherry blossoms .
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lament
[noun]

a song, musical piece, poem, etc. that expresses the feeling of sorrow and sadness after a loss or death

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lampoon
[noun]

a drawing, speech, or text aiming to criticize something or someone in a humorous manner

Ex: lampoon in the satire magazine cleverly critiqued the government 's handling of the crisis .
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ode
[noun]

a lyric poem, written in varied or irregular metrical form, for a particular object, person, or concept

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parody
[noun]

a piece of writing, music, etc. that imitates the style of someone else in a humorous way

Ex: The theater troupe performed parody of a well-known Shakespeare play , adding comedic twists and contemporary references to the dialogue .
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sonnet
[noun]

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

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bard
[noun]

a person who writes pieces of poetry and stories

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stanza
[noun]

a series of lines in a poem, usually with recurring rhyme scheme and meter

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canto
[noun]

any of the sections into which a long poem is divided

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conceit
[noun]

an elaborate image or a far-fetched metaphor, used in poetry

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addendum
[noun]

a section of additional material that is usually added at the end of a book

Ex: The manuscriptaddendum contained supplementary information not covered in the main chapters .
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villainous character who strongly opposes another person or thing

Ex: Throughout the story , the protagonist 's struggle against antagonist served as a metaphor for larger themes of good versus evil and the resilience of the human spirit .
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appendix
[noun]

a separate part at the end of a book that gives further information

Ex: Readers could find detailed technical specifications in appendix, including experimental procedures and calculations .
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blurb
[noun]

a short promotional description of a book, motion picture, etc. published on the cover of a book or in an advertisement

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glossary
[noun]

a list of technical terms or jargons of a particular field or text, provided in alphabetical order with an explanation for each one

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canon
[noun]

generally accepted rules or principles, especially those that are considered as fundamental in a field of art or philosophy

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motif
[noun]

a subject, idea, or phrase that is repeatedly used in a literary work

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codex
[noun]

an ancient book, written by hand, especially of scriptures, classics, etc.

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the greatest literary or artistic piece that an author or artist has created

Ex: The novelistmagnum opus, a sweeping epic that spans generations , has been celebrated for its intricate plot and richly developed characters .
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novella
[noun]

a work of fiction with an intermediate length, which could be considered a short novel

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prolixity
[noun]

the fact of having an excessive number of words that results in being tedious

Ex: The editor advised the writer to prolixity by cutting unnecessary words and focusing on concise , impactful statements to maintain the readers ' interest .
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