Lingvistika - Phonetics

(phonetics) a consonant that is pronounced accompanying a strong expulsion of air

aspirace

(phonetics) a syllable that consists of one vowel that is followed by a consonant, ending the syllable

uzavřená slabika

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced by interfering with or stopping the flow of air through the mouth or nose

souhláska

(phonetics) a consonant that is sounded with the vocal tract half-open, allowing the air to pass through

kontinuant

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced without interfering with the flow of air coming through the mouth or nose

samohláska

(phonetics) a speech sound produced by the blade of tongue near or touching the hard palate or the back of the roof of mouth

palatální

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

foném

a sound produced with the tip or blade of the tongue touching or near the alveolar ridge

alveolární

(phonetics) a gliding speech sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable

diftong

a specific class of consonant sounds produced with the tongue near or touching the area just behind the alveolar ridge

postalveolární souhláska

a specific class of consonant sounds produced with the tongue in contact with or close to the upper front teeth

zubní souhláska

a specific type of consonant sound that begins as a stop consonant and releases into a fricative, characterized by a brief period of complete closure followed by a slow release of air

afrikáta

(phonetics) a consonant that is sounded with the vocal tract half-open, allowing the air to pass through

frikativa

a specific type of consonant sound produced by allowing air to flow over the sides of the tongue, while maintaining closure in the center of the mouth

laterální souhláska

(phonetics) a consonant that is produced by a sudden stop of the airflow and releasing it again, using the lips, teeth or palate

plozivní

the degree of highness or lowness of a tone that is determined by the frequency of waves producing it

výška

(phonetics) a subdivision of phonetics dealing with stress and intonation

prosodie

(phonetics) an unstressed central vowel that is produced with the tongue in a lax position, represented by /ə/ symbol

šva

(phonetics) a consonant that makes a hissing sound when pronounced

sibilant

(phonetics) an added force when pronouncing a syllable or word

přízvuk

(phonetics) a consonant pronounced by the back of the tongue approaching the soft palate

velár

a symbol that indicates which syllable in a word is uttered with more emphasis

přízvuk

a word or part of a word, which contains a vowel sound and usually one or more consonants

sylaba

(phonetics) a /r/ sound that is produced by a rapid vibration of the tongue against the palate

tril

(phonetics) a degree of lowness or highness, called pitch, in a language that signifies different meanings

tonu

(phonetics) a speech sound produced while moving the tongue from its initial position

kluz

(phonetics) a speech sound produced by opening and closing the glottis

glotální

(phonetics) a consonant made by fully closing the glottis releasing an audible airstream

glotální zastávka

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

intonace

(phonetics) a speech sound that is produced using one or both lips

labial

(phonetics) a consonant that is uttered using the lips and teeth

labiodentální

(phonetics) ‌a speech sound that is made by the lips and soft palate

labiovelární

a syllable that ends with a vowel sound and does not have a consonant sound following it

otevřená slabika

(phonetics) a consonant that is pronounced by resonating the nose with the mouth fully closed

nazální (podstatné jméno)

the way a word is pronounced

výslovnost

the pattern or arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables in speech

rytmus

(phonetics) the strongest emphasis in a word of two or more syllables when it is uttered

primární přízvuk

(phonetics) the second strongest emphatic syllable of a word or phrase when it is uttered

sekundární přízvuk

a system of symbols used to represent the sounds of human language and facilitating accurate transcription

Mezinárodní fonetická abeceda

the physical movements and coordination of speech organs, such as the tongue, lips, and vocal cords, to produce speech sounds

artikulace

the sounds that a person makes when speaking or singing

hlas

a speech sound that is produced with the vocal cords vibrating, resulting in a vocalic or resonant quality

zvuk s hlasem

a speech sound produced without vibration of the vocal cords, resulting in the absence of vocal cord involvement in its production

bezešvý zvuk

the duration of a speech sound, whether it is a vowel or a consonant

doba

the phenomenon in which speech sounds overlap or influence each other in their articulation, resulting in modified or assimilated articulatory characteristics

koartikulační efekt

the representation of speech sounds using a system of symbols that accurately captures the precise articulatory, acoustic, and perceptual properties of the sounds, allowing for detailed phonetic analysis

fonetická transkripce

a type of phonetic transcription that represents the general phonetic characteristics of speech sounds, often using a simplified set of symbols and not indicating fine phonetic details or allophonic variations

široká transkripce

a detailed form of phonetic transcription that includes additional phonetic symbols and diacritics to represent finer phonetic details such as specific articulatory features, allophonic variations, and suprasegmental aspects of speech

úzká transkripce

a feature of vowel sounds in phonetics that describes the shape and position of the lips during their articulation, indicating whether the lips are rounded or unrounded

kulatost

a classification of vowel sounds in phonetics that are produced with the front part of the tongue positioned closer to the front of the mouth

přední samohláska

a classification of vowel sounds in phonetics that are produced with the back part of the tongue positioned closer to the back of the mouth

zadní samohláska

a distinction in vowel sounds based on how tense or lax the muscles are when pronouncing them

napětí

a vowel sound that is produced with greater muscle tension in the vocal tract, resulting in a longer duration and often a more prominent or "tense" quality compared to lax vowels

napjatá samohláska

a vowel sound that is produced with less muscle tension in the vocal tract, resulting in a shorter duration and a more relaxed or "lax" quality compared to tense vowels

laxní samohláska

a distinctive unit of pitch or tone in a particular language or phonological system, representing the phonemic or contrastive aspect of tonal variation

toném

a consonant sound produced with the back of the tongue approaching or making contact with the roof of the mouth, such as /k/, /g/, and /ŋ/

dorsální souhláska

a consonant sound produced with the tip of the tongue placed between the upper and lower front teeth

interdentální

(phonetics) a distinct sound uttered, considered as a physical occurrence not as a part of the sound system

fón

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

alofon