Językoznawstwo - Phonetics

(phonetics) a consonant that is pronounced accompanying a strong expulsion of air

aspirata, dźwięczna soundsy

(phonetics) a syllable that consists of one vowel that is followed by a consonant, ending the syllable

zgodna sylaba, sylaba zamknięta

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced by interfering with or stopping the flow of air through the mouth or nose

spółgłoska

(phonetics) a consonant that is sounded with the vocal tract half-open, allowing the air to pass through

kontynuant

‌(phonetics) a speech sound produced without interfering with the flow of air coming through the mouth or nose

samogłoska

(phonetics) a speech sound produced by the blade of tongue near or touching the hard palate or the back of the roof of mouth

palatalny, dźwięk palatalny (rzeczownik)

the smallest unit of sound in a language that can distinguish meaning, often represented by a specific symbol in phonetic notation

fonem

a sound produced with the tip or blade of the tongue touching or near the alveolar ridge

alveolar

(phonetics) a gliding speech sound formed by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable

diftong

a specific class of consonant sounds produced with the tongue near or touching the area just behind the alveolar ridge

spółgłoska postalveolarna, spółgłoska post-alweolarna

a specific class of consonant sounds produced with the tongue in contact with or close to the upper front teeth

spółgłoska dentystyczna, spółgłoska zębowa

a specific type of consonant sound that begins as a stop consonant and releases into a fricative, characterized by a brief period of complete closure followed by a slow release of air

afrikata, afrikaty

(phonetics) a consonant that is sounded with the vocal tract half-open, allowing the air to pass through

frikatywa, spółgłoska frikatywna

a specific type of consonant sound produced by allowing air to flow over the sides of the tongue, while maintaining closure in the center of the mouth

spółgłoska lateralna, boczna spółgłoska

(phonetics) a consonant that is produced by a sudden stop of the airflow and releasing it again, using the lips, teeth or palate

plozjwa, spółgłoska plozjwa

the degree of highness or lowness of a tone that is determined by the frequency of waves producing it

wysokość, ton

(phonetics) a subdivision of phonetics dealing with stress and intonation

prozdnia

(phonetics) an unstressed central vowel that is produced with the tongue in a lax position, represented by /ə/ symbol

szwa, samogłoska neutralna

(phonetics) a consonant that makes a hissing sound when pronounced

sibilant, dźwięk sibilujący

(phonetics) an added force when pronouncing a syllable or word

akcent, stres

(phonetics) a consonant pronounced by the back of the tongue approaching the soft palate

welar

a symbol that indicates which syllable in a word is uttered with more emphasis

znak akcentu, znak podkreślenia

a word or part of a word, which contains a vowel sound and usually one or more consonants

sylaba

(phonetics) a /r/ sound that is produced by a rapid vibration of the tongue against the palate

trill, drganie

(phonetics) a degree of lowness or highness, called pitch, in a language that signifies different meanings

ton, intonacja

(phonetics) a speech sound produced while moving the tongue from its initial position

ślizg

(phonetics) a speech sound produced by opening and closing the glottis

glottalny, dźwięk glotalny

(phonetics) a consonant made by fully closing the glottis releasing an audible airstream

stopa glotalna, zamykanie głośni

(phonetics) the rising and falling of the voice when speaking

intonacja

(phonetics) a speech sound that is produced using one or both lips

labialny

(phonetics) a consonant that is uttered using the lips and teeth

labiodentalny, spółgłoska labiodentalna

(phonetics) ‌a speech sound that is made by the lips and soft palate

labiowelar, dźwięk labiowelarny

a syllable that ends with a vowel sound and does not have a consonant sound following it

otwarta sylaba, wolna sylaba

(phonetics) a consonant that is pronounced by resonating the nose with the mouth fully closed

nosowy (rzeczownik)

the way a word is pronounced

wymowa

the pattern or arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables in speech

rytm, metrum

(phonetics) the strongest emphasis in a word of two or more syllables when it is uttered

pierwszy akcent, główny akcent

(phonetics) the second strongest emphatic syllable of a word or phrase when it is uttered

wtórny akcent, drugorzędny akcent

a system of symbols used to represent the sounds of human language and facilitating accurate transcription

Międzynarodowy Alfabet Fonetczny, IPA

the physical movements and coordination of speech organs, such as the tongue, lips, and vocal cords, to produce speech sounds

artykułacja

the sounds that a person makes when speaking or singing

głos

a speech sound that is produced with the vocal cords vibrating, resulting in a vocalic or resonant quality

dźwięk głosowy, dźwięk wibracyjny

a speech sound produced without vibration of the vocal cords, resulting in the absence of vocal cord involvement in its production

dźwięk bezdźwięczny, bezgłosowy dźwięk

the duration of a speech sound, whether it is a vowel or a consonant

czas trwania, długość

the phenomenon in which speech sounds overlap or influence each other in their articulation, resulting in modified or assimilated articulatory characteristics

koartykulacja, koartykulacja dźwięków

the representation of speech sounds using a system of symbols that accurately captures the precise articulatory, acoustic, and perceptual properties of the sounds, allowing for detailed phonetic analysis

transkrypcja fonetyczna, notacja fonetyczna

a type of phonetic transcription that represents the general phonetic characteristics of speech sounds, often using a simplified set of symbols and not indicating fine phonetic details or allophonic variations

szeroka transkrypcja, ogólna transkrypcja

a detailed form of phonetic transcription that includes additional phonetic symbols and diacritics to represent finer phonetic details such as specific articulatory features, allophonic variations, and suprasegmental aspects of speech

wąska transkrypcja, szczegółowa transkrypcja fonetyczna

a feature of vowel sounds in phonetics that describes the shape and position of the lips during their articulation, indicating whether the lips are rounded or unrounded

okrągłość

a classification of vowel sounds in phonetics that are produced with the front part of the tongue positioned closer to the front of the mouth

samogłoska przednia, samogłoska frontowa

a classification of vowel sounds in phonetics that are produced with the back part of the tongue positioned closer to the back of the mouth

samogłoska tylna, tylna samogłoska

a distinction in vowel sounds based on how tense or lax the muscles are when pronouncing them

napięcie, napięcie mięśni

a vowel sound that is produced with greater muscle tension in the vocal tract, resulting in a longer duration and often a more prominent or "tense" quality compared to lax vowels

samogłoska napięta, samogłoska tens

a vowel sound that is produced with less muscle tension in the vocal tract, resulting in a shorter duration and a more relaxed or "lax" quality compared to tense vowels

samogłoska luźna, samogłoska zrelaksowana

a distinctive unit of pitch or tone in a particular language or phonological system, representing the phonemic or contrastive aspect of tonal variation

tonema, jednostka tonu

a consonant sound produced with the back of the tongue approaching or making contact with the roof of the mouth, such as /k/, /g/, and /ŋ/

dorsalna spółgłoska, tylna spółgłoska

a consonant sound produced with the tip of the tongue placed between the upper and lower front teeth

interdentalny, dźwięk interdentalny

(phonetics) a distinct sound uttered, considered as a physical occurrence not as a part of the sound system

dźwięk, fonem

a variant pronunciation of a phoneme, which can occur due to phonetic differences in specific contexts or environments within a language

alofon, wariant fonemu