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Vocabulario Esencial para el TOEFL - Condiciones Físicas y Lesiones

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre condiciones físicas y lesiones, como "wound", "obesity", "dizzy", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
allergy
allergy
[Sustantivo]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

alergia

alergia

Ex: The doctor advised her to avoid dairy products because of her lactose allergy. 

El médico le aconsejó que evitara los productos lácteos debido a su alergia a la lactosa.

nausea
nausea
[Sustantivo]

the feeling of discomfort in the stomach, often with the urge to vomit

náusea

náusea

Ex: She experienced nausea after eating too much at the fair. 

Ella experimentó náuseas después de comer demasiado en la feria.

wound
wound
[Sustantivo]

an injury inflicted on the body especially one that seriously damages the skin or the flesh

herida

herida

Ex: The knife left a small but painful wound on his hand. 

El cuchillo dejó una pequeña pero dolorosa herida en su mano.

bruise
bruise
[Sustantivo]

an injury on the skin that appears as a dark mark, caused by a blow involving the rupture of vessels underneath

moradura

moradura

Ex: She applied ice to the bruise on her leg to reduce swelling and alleviate some of the pain from the impact. 

Aplicó hielo en el moretón de su pierna para reducir la hinchazón y aliviar parte del dolor del impacto.

scar
scar
[Sustantivo]

a mark that is left on one's skin after a wound or cut has healed

cicatriz

cicatriz

Ex: Common causes of scars include cuts, burns, surgical incisions, acne, and injuries. 

Las causas comunes de cicatrices incluyen cortes, quemaduras, incisiones quirúrgicas, acné y lesiones.

migraine
migraine
[Sustantivo]

a severe recurring type of headache, particularly affecting one side of the head, and often causing visual disturbances and nausea

migraña, jaqueca

migraña, jaqueca

Ex: The bright lights triggered a migraine, so she decided to rest. 

Las luces brillantes desencadenaron una migraña, así que decidió descansar.

obesity
obesity
[Sustantivo]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obesidad

obesidad

Ex: Obesity increases the risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. 

La obesidad aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedades crónicas como la diabetes, las enfermedades cardíacas y ciertos tipos de cáncer.

dependent
dependent
[Adjetivo]

not able to stop taking or using something

adicto

adicto

Ex: Many smokers are dependent on nicotine. 

Muchos fumadores son dependientes de la nicotina.

to overdose

to take an excessive and dangerous amount of a drug or medicine

tomar una sobredosis de

tomar una sobredosis de

Ex: The teenager overdosed after mixing alcohol with prescription drugs. 

El adolescente sufrió una sobredosis después de mezclar alcohol con medicamentos recetados.

unconscious
unconscious
[Adjetivo]

(of a person) unresponsive and unaware of the surroundings, usually due to an illness or injury

inconsciente, sin sentido

inconsciente, sin sentido

Ex: She spoke to him while he was unconscious in hopes that he could hear her voice. 

Ella le habló mientras él estaba inconsciente con la esperanza de que pudiera escuchar su voz.

to vomit
to vomit
[Verbo]

to eject what has been eaten or drunk through the mouth

vomitar, devolver

vomitar, devolver

Ex: Yesterday, he unexpectedly vomited after having dinner at the restaurant. 

Ayer, vomitó inesperadamente después de cenar en el restaurante.

dizzy
dizzy
[Adjetivo]

unable to keep one's balance and feeling as though everything is circling around one, caused by an illness or looking down from a high place

mareado

mareado

Ex: Low blood sugar levels can cause people with diabetes to feel dizzy and disoriented. 

Los niveles bajos de azúcar en la sangre pueden hacer que las personas con diabetes se sientan mareadas y desorientadas.

to faint
to faint
[Verbo]

to suddenly lose consciousness from a lack of oxygen in the brain, which is caused by a shock, etc.

desmayarse, sufrir un desmayo

desmayarse, sufrir un desmayo

Ex: The sight of blood can be distressing for some people and may cause them to faint. 

La vista de la sangre puede ser angustiante para algunas personas y puede hacer que se desmayen.

fit
fit
[Sustantivo]

a sudden episode in which the body shakes uncontrollably

ataque, síncope

ataque, síncope

Ex: A fit can occur without warning. 

Un ataque puede ocurrir sin previo aviso.

to swell
to swell
[Verbo]

to become rounder or larger, particularly due to an increase in the amount of fluid

hincharse

hincharse

Ex: When a joint is injured, it may swell as part of the body's natural healing process. 

Cuando una articulación se lesiona, puede hincharse como parte del proceso natural de curación del cuerpo.

to shiver
to shiver
[Verbo]

to shake slightly and repeatedly because of cold

temblar, estremecerse

temblar, estremecerse

Ex: She wrapped her coat tighter as she shivered. 

Se envolvió más fuerte su abrigo mientras tiritaba.

to relapse
to relapse
[Verbo]

to become sick again after an improvement in one's health

recaer

recaer

to collapse

(of a person) to fall and become unconscious

sufrir un colapso

sufrir un colapso

Ex: A sudden drop in blood pressure caused her to collapse during the meeting. 

Una caída repentina de la presión arterial hizo que se desplomara durante la reunión.

coma
coma
[Sustantivo]

a state of deep unconsciousness, typically of a long duration and caused by a serious injury or severe illness

coma

coma

Ex: Doctors monitored her brain activity while she was in a coma. 

Los médicos monitorearon su actividad cerebral mientras estaba en coma.

outbreak
outbreak
[Sustantivo]

the unexpected start of something terrible, such as a disease

brote

brote

Ex: Health officials were concerned about the outbreak of measles in the neighborhood. 

Los funcionarios de salud estaban preocupados por el brote de sarampión en el vecindario.

to infect
to infect
[Verbo]

to transmit a disease to a person, animal, or plant

infectar

infectar

Ex: Healthcare workers take precautions to avoid infecting patients while providing medical care. 

Los trabajadores de la salud toman precauciones para evitar infectar a los pacientes mientras brindan atención médica.

feverish
feverish
[Adjetivo]

having or caused by a fever

con fiebre

con fiebre

Ex: Taking over-the-counter medication helped alleviate her feverish symptoms temporarily. 

Tomar medicamentos de venta libre ayudó a aliviar temporalmente sus síntomas febriles.

dehydration
dehydration
[Sustantivo]

a harmful state in which the body has lost a lot of water

deshidratación

deshidratación

complication
complication
[Sustantivo]

a secondary health condition that makes the treatment of the existing condition harder

complicación

complicación

to develop
to develop
[Verbo]

to start to have a particular disease or problem

desarrollar, contraer

desarrollar, contraer

Ex: As she aged, she developed arthritis, experiencing pain and stiffness in her joints. 

A medida que envejecía, desarrolló artritis, experimentando dolor y rigidez en sus articulaciones.

severe
severe
[Adjetivo]

very harsh or intense

severo, duro

severo, duro

Ex: The country is facing severe economic problems. 

El país enfrenta problemas económicos graves.

acute
acute
[Adjetivo]

(of an illness) suddenly becoming severe but for a short time

agudo

agudo

Ex: Tom's acute migraine headache was so intense that he had to lie down in a dark room until it subsided. 

El dolor de cabeza por migraña aguda de Tom era tan intenso que tuvo que acostarse en una habitación oscura hasta que cedió.

scratch
scratch
[Sustantivo]

a small cut on the skin caused by something sharp, like a fingernail, thorn, or rough surface

arañazo, rasguño

arañazo, rasguño

to sprain
to sprain
[Verbo]

(of a ligament) to be suddenly twisted, which results in much pain

torcerse, hacerse un esguince en

torcerse, hacerse un esguince en

Ex: He accidentally sprained his knee while running. 

Se torció accidentalmente la rodilla mientras corría.

burn
burn
[Sustantivo]

a mark or injury that is caused by exposure to fire, acid, heat, etc.

quemadura, marca de quemadura

quemadura, marca de quemadura

agony
agony
[Sustantivo]

severe physical or mental pain

dolor agudo

dolor agudo

Ex: The agony of arthritis can make simple movements excruciating. 

La agonía de la artritis puede hacer que los movimientos simples sean insoportables.

epidemic
epidemic
[Sustantivo]

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

epidemia

epidemia

Ex: The flu epidemic affected thousands of people last winter. 

La epidemia de gripe afectó a miles de personas el invierno pasado.

pandemic
pandemic
[Sustantivo]

a disease that spreads across a large region or even across the world

pandemia

pandemia

Ex: Pandemics can spread illness globally due to increased international travel and trade networks. 

Las pandemias pueden propagar enfermedades a nivel mundial debido al aumento de los viajes internacionales y las redes comerciales.

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