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TOEFL のための基本語彙 - 身体的状態と傷害

ここでは、TOEFL試験に必要な「傷」「肥満」「めまい」などの身体的状態や怪我に関する英単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
allergy
allergy
[名詞]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

アレルギー

アレルギー

Ex: Her peanut allergy is so severe that even a small amount can trigger a serious reaction. 

彼女のピーナッツアレルギーは非常に深刻で、少量でも重篤な反応を引き起こす可能性があります。

nausea
nausea
[名詞]

the feeling of discomfort in the stomach, often with the urge to vomit

吐き気, むかつき

吐き気, むかつき

Ex: After the surgery, it was normal for patients to report mild nausea. 

手術後、患者が軽い吐き気を報告するのは普通のことでした。

wound
wound
[名詞]

an injury inflicted on the body especially one that seriously damages the skin or the flesh

傷, 負傷

傷, 負傷

Ex: The doctor stitched up the wound to help it heal faster. 
bruise
bruise
[名詞]

an injury on the skin that appears as a dark mark, caused by a blow involving the rupture of vessels underneath

あざ, 打撲傷

あざ, 打撲傷

Ex: After falling off his bike, he noticed a painful bruise forming on his arm, which would take several days to heal. 

自転車から落ちた後、彼は腕に痛みを伴う打撲傷ができているのに気づき、それが治るには数日かかるだろうと思った。

scar
scar
[名詞]

a mark that is left on one's skin after a wound or cut has healed

傷跡, 瘢痕

傷跡, 瘢痕

Ex: A scar is a permanent mark on the skin that remains after a wound or injury has healed. 

傷跡は、傷やけがが治った後に残る皮膚の永久的な跡です。

migraine
migraine
[名詞]

a severe recurring type of headache, particularly affecting one side of the head, and often causing visual disturbances and nausea

片頭痛, 頭痛

片頭痛, 頭痛

Ex: She had to lie down in a dark room because of her migraine. 

彼女は片頭痛のため、暗い部屋で横にならなければならなかった。

obesity
obesity
[名詞]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

肥満, 過体重

肥満, 過体重

Ex: Addressing obesity requires a multifaceted approach that includes promoting healthy eating habits, regular physical activity, and community-wide initiatives. 

肥満に対処するには、健康的な食習慣の促進、定期的な身体活動、コミュニティ全体の取り組みを含む多面的なアプローチが必要です。

dependent
dependent
[形容詞]

not able to stop taking or using something

依存している

依存している

Ex: The patient is dependent on medication to manage his condition. 
to overdose
to overdose
[動詞]

to take an excessive and dangerous amount of a drug or medicine

過剰摂取する, オーバードースする

過剰摂取する, オーバードースする

Ex: He accidentally overdosed on painkillers. 

彼は誤って鎮痛剤を過剰摂取しました。

unconscious
unconscious
[形容詞]

not awake or aware of one's surroundings, especially because of injury or illness

意識不明の,  無意識の

意識不明の, 無意識の

Ex: Sarah was unconscious when the paramedics arrived. 
to vomit
to vomit
[動詞]

to eject what has been eaten or drunk through the mouth

吐く, 嘔吐する

吐く, 嘔吐する

Ex: She sometimes vomits after eating certain foods. 

彼女は時々特定の食べ物を食べた後嘔吐します。

dizzy
dizzy
[形容詞]

unable to keep one's balance and feeling as though everything is circling around one, caused by an illness or looking down from a high place

めまいがする, ふらふらする

めまいがする, ふらふらする

Ex: She felt dizzy and lightheaded after standing up too quickly. 

彼女は急に立ち上がった後、めまいとふらつきを感じた。

to faint
to faint
[動詞]

to lose consciousness for a short time, especially because of heat, pain, shock, or weakness

気を失う

気を失う

Ex: She fainted after standing in the hot sun for hours. 
fit
fit
[名詞]

a sudden episode in which the body shakes uncontrollably

発作, 痙攣

発作, 痙攣

Ex: The patient experienced a brief fit in the waiting room. 
to swell
to swell
[動詞]

to become larger or rounder than normal, especially because of fluid accumulating inside

腫れる,  膨らむ

腫れる, 膨らむ

Ex: Daniel's ankle began to swell after he twisted it. 
to shiver
to shiver
[動詞]

to shake slightly and repeatedly, especially because of cold, fear, excitement, or illness

震える,  身震いする

震える, 身震いする

Ex: Sarah shivered in the cold morning air. 
to relapse
to relapse
[動詞]

to become sick again after an improvement in one's health

再発する, 再発を経験する

再発する, 再発を経験する

to collapse
to collapse
[動詞]

(of a person) to fall and become unconscious

気を失う, 倒れる

気を失う, 倒れる

Ex: Severe dehydration can lead to dizziness and cause individuals to collapse. 
coma
coma
[名詞]

a state of deep unconsciousness, typically of a long duration and caused by a serious injury or severe illness

昏睡, 昏睡状態

昏睡, 昏睡状態

Ex: The patient remained in a coma for several weeks. 

患者は数週間昏睡状態のままでした。

outbreak
outbreak
[名詞]

the unexpected start of something terrible, such as a disease

発生, 流行

発生, 流行

Ex: The scientist studied the outbreak to understand its cause and spread. 
to infect
to infect
[動詞]

to transmit a disease to a person, animal, or plant

感染させる, 伝染させる

感染させる, 伝染させる

Ex: Contaminated water sources can infect individuals with waterborne diseases. 

汚染された水源は、水系感染症で個人を感染させる可能性があります。

feverish
feverish
[形容詞]

having or caused by a fever

熱のある, 熱っぽい

熱のある, 熱っぽい

Ex: She felt feverish and had chills after coming down with the flu. 

彼女はインフルエンザにかかった後、熱っぽく感じ、寒気がしました。

dehydration
dehydration
[名詞]

a harmful state in which the body has lost a lot of water

脱水

脱水

complication
complication
[名詞]

an additional medical problem that develops during an illness, treatment, or procedure

合併症,  併発症

合併症, 併発症

Ex: Infection is a possible complication of the surgery. 
to develop
to develop
[動詞]

to start to have a particular disease or problem

発症する, 患う

発症する, 患う

Ex: Poor dental hygiene led him to develop cavities and gum disease, requiring dental intervention. 
severe
severe
[形容詞]

very harsh or intense

深刻な, 厳しい

深刻な, 厳しい

Ex: The city experienced severe flooding after the heavy rain. 
acute
acute
[形容詞]

(of an illness or medical condition) developing rapidly and lasting for a relatively short period

Ex: Emma was admitted to the hospital with acute pneumonia. 
scratch
scratch
[名詞]

a small, shallow injury to the skin caused by something sharp or rough

引っかき傷,  かすり傷

引っかき傷, かすり傷

Ex: Emily had a small scratch on her cheek from the cat. 
to sprain
to sprain
[動詞]

(of a ligament) to be suddenly twisted, which results in much pain

捻る, 挫く

捻る, 挫く

Ex: He sprained his ankle while playing basketball. 

彼はバスケットボールをしている間に足首を捻挫しました。

burn
burn
[名詞]

a mark or injury that is caused by exposure to fire, acid, heat, etc.

やけど, 焼け跡

やけど, 焼け跡

Ex: She suffered a small burn from the hot pan. 
agony
agony
[名詞]

severe physical or mental pain

苦痛, 苦悩

苦痛, 苦悩

Ex: The patient endured the agony of chronic migraines for years. 
epidemic
epidemic
[名詞]

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

流行病, 感染症の蔓延

流行病, 感染症の蔓延

Ex: The epidemic caused a surge in hospital admissions. 
pandemic
pandemic
[名詞]

a disease that spreads across a large region or even across the world

パンデミック, 世界的流行

パンデミック, 世界的流行

Ex: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted nearly every person on the planet. 
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