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TOEFL のための基本語彙 - 身体的条件と傷害

ここでは、TOEFL試験に必要な「傷」「肥満」「めまい」などの身体的状態や怪我に関する英単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
allergy
[名詞]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

アレルギー

アレルギー

Ex: After coming into contact with the cat , she experienced an allergic reaction due to her pet allergy.猫と接触した後、彼女はペットに対する**アレルギー**のためアレルギー反応を経験しました。
nausea
[名詞]

the feeling of discomfort in the stomach, often with the urge to vomit

吐き気, むかつき

吐き気, むかつき

Ex: Nausea is a common side effect of chemotherapy treatment .**吐き気**は化学療法の一般的な副作用です。
wound
[名詞]

an injury inflicted on the body especially one that seriously damages the skin or the flesh

Ex: Even after years , the old wound still ached in cold weather .
bruise
[名詞]

an injury on the skin that appears as a dark mark, caused by a blow involving the rupture of vessels underneath

あざ, 打撲傷

あざ, 打撲傷

Ex: He was embarrassed to show his friends the bruise on his side , a reminder of his clumsiness during a recent soccer match .彼は最近のサッカーの試合での自分の不器用さを思い出させる、脇腹の**あざ**を友達に見せるのが恥ずかしかった。
scar
[名詞]

a mark that is left on one's skin after a wound or cut has healed

傷跡, 瘢痕

傷跡, 瘢痕

Ex: Scars may also carry emotional significance , serving as reminders of past experiences or trauma .**傷跡**はまた、感情的な意味を持つことがあり、過去の経験やトラウマを思い出させるものとして機能します。
migraine
[名詞]

a severe recurring type of headache, particularly affecting one side of the head, and often causing visual disturbances and nausea

片頭痛, 頭痛

片頭痛, 頭痛

Ex: She ’s trying to avoid triggers that could cause a migraine, like certain foods .彼女は、特定の食べ物のように、**片頭痛**を引き起こす可能性のあるトリガーを避けようとしています。
obesity
[名詞]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

肥満, 過体重

肥満, 過体重

Ex: Addressing obesity requires a multifaceted approach that includes promoting healthy eating habits , regular physical activity , and community-wide initiatives .**肥満**に対処するには、健康的な食習慣の促進、定期的な身体活動、コミュニティ全体の取り組みを含む多面的なアプローチが必要です。
dependent
[形容詞]

not able to stop taking or using something

依存している

依存している

Ex: Some people become dependent on their phones for constant stimulation.一部の人は、絶え間ない刺激のために電話に**依存**するようになります。
to overdose
[動詞]

to give or take an excessive amount of a drug at a given time, which could be fatal

過剰摂取する, オーバードースする

過剰摂取する, オーバードースする

unconscious
[形容詞]

(of a person) unresponsive and unaware of the surroundings, usually due to an illness or injury

意識不明の, 無意識の

意識不明の, 無意識の

Ex: The accident left him unconscious and unable to react .事故で彼は**意識不明**になり、反応できなくなった。
to vomit
[動詞]

to eject what has been eaten or drunk through the mouth

吐く, 嘔吐する

吐く, 嘔吐する

Ex: Right now , she is feeling nauseous and might be vomiting soon .今、彼女は吐き気を感じていて、すぐに**嘔吐**するかもしれません。
dizzy
[形容詞]

unable to keep one's balance and feeling as though everything is circling around one, caused by an illness or looking down from a high place

めまいがする, ふらふらする

めまいがする, ふらふらする

Ex: Certain medications may cause side effects like dizziness and drowsiness in some patients.特定の薬物は、一部の患者においてめまいや眠気などの副作用を引き起こす可能性があります。
to faint
[動詞]

to suddenly lose consciousness from a lack of oxygen in the brain, which is caused by a shock, etc.

気を失う, 気絶する

気を失う, 気絶する

Ex: Last night , he unexpectedly fainted during the scary movie .昨晩、彼はホラー映画の最中に予期せず**気を失った**。
fit
[名詞]

an attack caused by an illness such as epilepsy, resulting in unconsciousness and violent movements of the body

発作, 痙攣

発作, 痙攣

to swell
[動詞]

to become rounder or larger, particularly due to an increase in the amount of fluid

腫れる, 膨らむ

腫れる, 膨らむ

Ex: After the long flight , his ankles swelled due to poor circulation .長いフライトの後、彼の足首は血行不良で**腫れました**。
to shiver
[動詞]

to slightly shake as a result of feeling cold, scared, etc.

震える, 揺れる

震える, 揺れる

to relapse
[動詞]

to become sick again after an improvement in one's health

再発する, 再発を経験する

再発する, 再発を経験する

to collapse
[動詞]

(of a person) to fall and become unconscious

気を失う, 倒れる

気を失う, 倒れる

Ex: The flu weakened her to the point that she had to be hospitalized after collapsing at home .インフルエンザで彼女は弱り、家で**倒れた**後、入院しなければならなかった。
coma
[名詞]

a state of deep unconsciousness, typically of a long duration and caused by a serious injury or severe illness

昏睡, 昏睡状態

昏睡, 昏睡状態

Ex: The medical team worked hard to determine the cause of his coma.医療チームは彼の**昏睡**の原因を突き止めるために一生懸命働きました。
outbreak
[名詞]

the unexpected start of something terrible, such as a disease

発生, 流行

発生, 流行

Ex: The outbreak of wildfires prompted emergency evacuations across the region .山火事の**発生**により、地域全体で緊急避難が行われました。
to infect
[動詞]

to transmit a disease to a person, animal, or plant

感染させる, 伝染させる

感染させる, 伝染させる

Ex: If proper precautions are not taken , the virus will likely infect more individuals .適切な予防措置が取られない場合、ウイルスはおそらくより多くの個人に**感染**するでしょう。
feverish
[形容詞]

having or caused by a fever

熱のある, 熱っぽい

熱のある, 熱っぽい

Ex: His feverish state prompted his parents to seek medical attention at the urgent care center .彼の**熱のある**状態は、彼の両親に緊急治療センターで医療を受けるよう促しました。
dehydration
[名詞]

a harmful state in which the body has lost a lot of water

脱水

脱水

complication
[名詞]

a secondary health condition that makes the treatment of the existing condition harder

合併症, 医学的合併症

合併症, 医学的合併症

to develop
[動詞]

to start to have a particular disease or problem

発症する, 患う

発症する, 患う

Ex: Long-term exposure to sunlight without protection caused her to develop skin cancer in her forties .保護なしでの長期間の日光への曝露により、彼女は40代で皮膚がんを**発症**しました。
severe
[形容詞]

very harsh or intense

深刻な, 厳しい

深刻な, 厳しい

Ex: He faced severe criticism for his actions .彼は自分の行動に対して**厳しい**批判に直面した。
acute
[形容詞]

(of an illness) suddenly becoming severe but for a short time

急性の, 深刻な

急性の, 深刻な

Ex: Emily was diagnosed with acute bronchitis after experiencing sudden onset of coughing , chest pain , and difficulty breathing .エミリーは、突然の咳、胸の痛み、呼吸困難を経験した後、**急性**気管支炎と診断されました。
scratch
[名詞]

a small cut on the skin caused by something sharp, like a fingernail, thorn, or rough surface

引っかき傷, 擦り傷

引っかき傷, 擦り傷

to sprain
[動詞]

(of a ligament) to be suddenly twisted, which results in much pain

捻る, 挫く

捻る, 挫く

Ex: He sprains his leg easily because of his weak joints .彼は関節が弱いため、簡単に足を**捻挫**します。
burn
[名詞]

a mark or injury that is caused by exposure to fire, acid, heat, etc.

やけど, 焼け跡

やけど, 焼け跡

agony
[名詞]

severe physical or mental pain

苦痛, 苦悩

苦痛, 苦悩

Ex: Patients with severe burns often experience excruciating agony during treatment .重度のやけどを負った患者は、治療中にしばしば耐え難い**苦痛**を経験します。
epidemic
[名詞]

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

流行病, 感染症の蔓延

流行病, 感染症の蔓延

Ex: The epidemic put a strain on the healthcare system .**流行病**は医療制度に負担をかけた。
pandemic
[名詞]

a disease that spreads across a large region or even across the world

パンデミック, 世界的流行

パンデミック, 世界的流行

Ex: Pandemics can spread illness globally due to increased international travel and trade networks.**パンデミック**は、国際的な旅行や貿易ネットワークの増加により、病気を世界的に広める可能性があります。
TOEFL のための基本語彙
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