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Vocabolario Essenziale per il TOEFL - Condizioni fisiche e lesioni

Qui imparerai alcune parole inglesi sulle condizioni fisiche e le lesioni, come "ferita", "obesità", "vertigini", ecc., necessarie per l'esame TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
allergy
allergy
[sostantivo]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

allergia

allergia

Ex: After coming into contact with the cat, she experienced an allergic reaction due to her pet allergy. 

Dopo essere entrata in contatto con il gatto, ha avuto una reazione allergica a causa della sua allergia agli animali domestici.

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nausea
nausea
[sostantivo]

the feeling of discomfort in the stomach, often with the urge to vomit

nausea

nausea

Ex: Nausea is a common side effect of chemotherapy treatment. 

La nausea è un effetto collaterale comune del trattamento chemioterapico.

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wound
wound
[sostantivo]

an injury inflicted on the body especially one that seriously damages the skin or the flesh

ferita

ferita

Ex: Even after years, the old wound still ached in cold weather. 
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bruise
bruise
[sostantivo]

an injury on the skin that appears as a dark mark, caused by a blow involving the rupture of vessels underneath

livido, contusione

livido, contusione

Ex: He was embarrassed to show his friends the bruise on his side, a reminder of his clumsiness during a recent soccer match. 

Era imbarazzato a mostrare ai suoi amici il livido sul fianco, un promemoria della sua goffaggine durante una recente partita di calcio.

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scar
scar
[sostantivo]

a mark that is left on one's skin after a wound or cut has healed

cicatrice

cicatrice

Ex: Scars may also carry emotional significance, serving as reminders of past experiences or trauma. 

Le cicatrici possono anche avere un significato emotivo, servendo come promemoria di esperienze passate o traumi.

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migraine
migraine
[sostantivo]

a severe recurring type of headache, particularly affecting one side of the head, and often causing visual disturbances and nausea

emicrania

emicrania

Ex: She’s trying to avoid triggers that could cause a migraine, like certain foods. 

Sta cercando di evitare i fattori scatenanti che potrebbero causare un'emicrania, come alcuni alimenti.

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obesity
obesity
[sostantivo]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obesità

obesità

Ex: Obesity rates have been steadily rising worldwide, becoming a major public health concern in many countries. 

I tassi di obesità sono aumentati costantemente in tutto il mondo, diventando una preoccupazione importante per la salute pubblica in molti paesi.

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dependent
dependent
[aggettivo]

not able to stop taking or using something

dipendente

dipendente

Ex: Some people become dependent on their phones for constant stimulation. 
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to overdose

to take an excessive and dangerous amount of a drug or medicine

fare la overdose

fare la overdose

Ex: Doctors warn about the risks of overdosing on any medication. 

I medici mettono in guardia sui rischi di overdose di qualsiasi farmaco.

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unconscious
unconscious
[aggettivo]

not awake or aware of one's surroundings, especially because of injury or illness

senza conoscenza

senza conoscenza

Ex: Michael collapsed and became unconscious shortly afterward. 
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to vomit
to vomit
[Verbo]

to eject what has been eaten or drunk through the mouth

vomitare

vomitare

Ex: Right now, she is feeling nauseous and might be vomiting soon. 

In questo momento, si sente nauseata e potrebbe presto vomitare.

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dizzy
dizzy
[aggettivo]

unable to keep one's balance and feeling as though everything is circling around one, caused by an illness or looking down from a high place

stordito

stordito

Ex: Certain medications may cause side effects like dizziness and drowsiness in some patients. 

Alcuni farmaci possono causare effetti collaterali come vertigini e sonnolenza in alcuni pazienti.

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to faint
to faint
[Verbo]

to lose consciousness for a short time, especially because of heat, pain, shock, or weakness

svenire

svenire

Ex: Emma had never fainted before that morning. 
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fit
fit
[sostantivo]

a sudden episode in which the body shakes uncontrollably

attacco, convulsione

attacco, convulsione

Ex: He collapsed during a fit. 
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to swell
to swell
[Verbo]

to become larger or rounder than normal, especially because of fluid accumulating inside

gonfiare

gonfiare

Ex: His face swelled badly after the allergic reaction. 
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to shiver
to shiver
[Verbo]

to shake slightly and repeatedly, especially because of cold, fear, excitement, or illness

rabbrividire

rabbrividire

Ex: Jake was still shivering after his fever returned. 
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to relapse
to relapse
[Verbo]

to become sick again after an improvement in one's health

avere una ricaduta

avere una ricaduta

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to collapse

(of a person) to fall and become unconscious

svenire, collassare

svenire, collassare

Ex: The flu weakened her to the point that she had to be hospitalized after collapsing at home. 
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coma
coma
[sostantivo]

a state of deep unconsciousness, typically of a long duration and caused by a serious injury or severe illness

coma

coma

Ex: The medical team worked hard to determine the cause of his coma. 

La squadra medica ha lavorato duramente per determinare la causa del suo coma.

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outbreak
outbreak
[sostantivo]

the unexpected start of something terrible, such as a disease

eruzione

eruzione

Ex: The outbreak of wildfires prompted emergency evacuations across the region. 
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to infect
to infect
[Verbo]

to transmit a disease to a person, animal, or plant

infettare

infettare

Ex: If proper precautions are not taken, the virus will likely infect more individuals. 

Se non vengono prese le dovute precauzioni, è probabile che il virus infetti più individui.

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feverish
feverish
[aggettivo]

having or caused by a fever

febbricitante

febbricitante

Ex: His feverish state prompted his parents to seek medical attention at the urgent care center. 

Il suo stato febbrile ha spinto i suoi genitori a cercare assistenza medica al centro di pronto soccorso.

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dehydration
dehydration
[sostantivo]

a harmful state in which the body has lost a lot of water

disidratazione

disidratazione

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complication
complication
[sostantivo]

an additional medical problem that develops during an illness, treatment, or procedure

complicazione

complicazione

Ex: Diabetes can cause complications affecting the eyes and kidneys. 
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to develop
to develop
[Verbo]

to start to have a particular disease or problem

sviluppare, contraire

sviluppare, contraire

Ex: Long-term exposure to sunlight without protection caused her to develop skin cancer in her forties. 
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severe
severe
[aggettivo]

very harsh or intense

intenso, rigido

intenso, rigido

Ex: The winter was severe with record-breaking snowfall. 
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acute
acute
[aggettivo]

(of an illness or medical condition) developing rapidly and lasting for a relatively short period

acuto

acuto

Ex: Sarah recovered fully after a brief acute infection. 
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scratch
scratch
[sostantivo]

a small, shallow injury to the skin caused by something sharp or rough

graffio

graffio

Ex: Apart from a few scratches, Michael was unhurt after the fall. 
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to sprain
to sprain
[Verbo]

(of a ligament) to be suddenly twisted, which results in much pain

storcere

storcere

Ex: He sprains his leg easily because of his weak joints. 

Si storce facilmente la gamba a causa delle sue articolazioni deboli.

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burn
burn
[sostantivo]

a mark or injury that is caused by exposure to fire, acid, heat, etc.

ustione, marchio di ustione

ustione, marchio di ustione

Ex: Doctors treated the burn immediately. 
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agony
agony
[sostantivo]

severe physical or mental pain

dolore estremo

dolore estremo

Ex: Patients with severe burns often experience excruciating agony during treatment. 

I pazienti con gravi ustioni spesso sperimentano un'agonia straziante durante il trattamento.

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epidemic
epidemic
[sostantivo]

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

epidemia

epidemia

Ex: The epidemic put a strain on the healthcare system. 
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pandemic
pandemic
[sostantivo]

a disease that spreads across a large region or even across the world

pandemia

pandemia

Ex: During pandemics, healthcare systems face an enormous strain from the surge in patients. 
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