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Vocabulário Essencial para o TOEFL - Condições Físicas e Lesões

Aqui você aprenderá algumas palavras em inglês sobre condições físicas e lesões, como "ferida", "obesidade", "tontura", etc., que são necessárias para o exame TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
allergy
allergy
[substantivo]

a medical condition in which one's body severely reacts to a specific substance if it is inhaled, touched, or ingested

alergia

alergia

Ex: After coming into contact with the cat, she experienced an allergic reaction due to her pet allergy. 

Depois de entrar em contato com o gato, ela teve uma reação alérgica devido à sua alergia a animais de estimação.

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nausea
nausea
[substantivo]

the feeling of discomfort in the stomach, often with the urge to vomit

náusea, enjoo

náusea, enjoo

Ex: Nausea is a common side effect of chemotherapy treatment. 

A náusea é um efeito colateral comum do tratamento de quimioterapia.

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wound
wound
[substantivo]

an injury inflicted on the body especially one that seriously damages the skin or the flesh

ferida, lesão

ferida, lesão

Ex: The knife left a small but painful wound on his hand. 
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bruise
bruise
[substantivo]

an injury on the skin that appears as a dark mark, caused by a blow involving the rupture of vessels underneath

hematoma, contusão

hematoma, contusão

Ex: He was embarrassed to show his friends the bruise on his side, a reminder of his clumsiness during a recent soccer match. 

Ele estava envergonhado de mostrar aos amigos o hematoma em seu lado, um lembrete de sua falta de jeito durante uma partida de futebol recente.

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scar
scar
[substantivo]

a mark that is left on one's skin after a wound or cut has healed

cicatriz, marca

cicatriz, marca

Ex: Scars may also carry emotional significance, serving as reminders of past experiences or trauma. 

As cicatrizes também podem carregar significado emocional, servindo como lembranças de experiências passadas ou traumas.

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migraine
migraine
[substantivo]

a severe recurring type of headache, particularly affecting one side of the head, and often causing visual disturbances and nausea

enxaqueca, dor de cabeça

enxaqueca, dor de cabeça

Ex: She’s trying to avoid triggers that could cause a migraine, like certain foods. 

Ela está tentando evitar gatilhos que possam causar enxaqueca, como certos alimentos.

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obesity
obesity
[substantivo]

the condition of having such a high amount of body fat that it becomes very dangerous for one's health

obesidade, sobrepeso

obesidade, sobrepeso

Ex: Obesity increases the risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. 

A obesidade aumenta o risco de desenvolver doenças crônicas como diabetes, doenças cardíacas e certos tipos de câncer.

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dependent
dependent
[adjetivo]

not able to stop taking or using something

dependente

dependente

Ex: Many smokers are dependent on nicotine. 
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to overdose

to take an excessive and dangerous amount of a drug or medicine

sobredosar, tomar uma overdose

sobredosar, tomar uma overdose

Ex: Doctors warn about the risks of overdosing on any medication. 

Os médicos alertam sobre os riscos de overdose de qualquer medicamento.

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unconscious
unconscious
[adjetivo]

not awake or aware of one's surroundings, especially because of injury or illness

inconsciente,  sem sentidos

inconsciente, sem sentidos

Ex: Michael collapsed and became unconscious shortly afterward. 
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to vomit
to vomit
[verbo]

to eject what has been eaten or drunk through the mouth

vomitar, devolver

vomitar, devolver

Ex: Right now, she is feeling nauseous and might be vomiting soon. 

Agora, ela está se sentindo enjoada e pode vomitar em breve.

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dizzy
dizzy
[adjetivo]

unable to keep one's balance and feeling as though everything is circling around one, caused by an illness or looking down from a high place

tonto, vertiginoso

tonto, vertiginoso

Ex: Certain medications may cause side effects like dizziness and drowsiness in some patients. 

Certos medicamentos podem causar efeitos colaterais como tontura e sonolência em alguns pacientes.

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to faint
to faint
[verbo]

to lose consciousness for a short time, especially because of heat, pain, shock, or weakness

desmaiar

desmaiar

Ex: Emma had never fainted before that morning. 
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fit
fit
[substantivo]

a sudden episode in which the body shakes uncontrollably

ataque, convulsão

ataque, convulsão

Ex: A fit can occur without warning. 
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to swell
to swell
[verbo]

to become larger or rounder than normal, especially because of fluid accumulating inside

inchar,  intumescer

inchar, intumescer

Ex: His face swelled badly after the allergic reaction. 
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to shiver
to shiver
[verbo]

to shake slightly and repeatedly, especially because of cold, fear, excitement, or illness

tremer,  tiritar

tremer, tiritar

Ex: Jake was still shivering after his fever returned. 
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to relapse
to relapse
[verbo]

to become sick again after an improvement in one's health

recair, ter uma recaída

recair, ter uma recaída

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to collapse

(of a person) to fall and become unconscious

desmaiar, colapsar

desmaiar, colapsar

Ex: A sudden drop in blood pressure caused her to collapse during the meeting. 
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coma
coma
[substantivo]

a state of deep unconsciousness, typically of a long duration and caused by a serious injury or severe illness

coma, estado de coma

coma, estado de coma

Ex: The medical team worked hard to determine the cause of his coma. 

A equipe médica trabalhou duro para determinar a causa do seu coma.

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outbreak
outbreak
[substantivo]

the unexpected start of something terrible, such as a disease

surto, epidemia

surto, epidemia

Ex: Health officials were concerned about the outbreak of measles in the neighborhood. 
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to infect
to infect
[verbo]

to transmit a disease to a person, animal, or plant

infectar, contagiar

infectar, contagiar

Ex: If proper precautions are not taken, the virus will likely infect more individuals. 

Se as precauções adequadas não forem tomadas, o vírus provavelmente infectará mais indivíduos.

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feverish
feverish
[adjetivo]

having or caused by a fever

febril, com febre

febril, com febre

Ex: His feverish state prompted his parents to seek medical attention at the urgent care center. 

Seu estado febril levou seus pais a procurar atendimento médico no centro de urgências.

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dehydration
dehydration
[substantivo]

a harmful state in which the body has lost a lot of water

desidratação

desidratação

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complication
complication
[substantivo]

an additional medical problem that develops during an illness, treatment, or procedure

complicação,  complicação médica

complicação, complicação médica

Ex: Diabetes can cause complications affecting the eyes and kidneys. 
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to develop
to develop
[verbo]

to start to have a particular disease or problem

desenvolver, contrair

desenvolver, contrair

Ex: As she aged, she developed arthritis, experiencing pain and stiffness in her joints. 
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severe
severe
[adjetivo]

very harsh or intense

grave, severa

grave, severa

Ex: The building suffered severe damage from the earthquake. 
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acute
acute
[adjetivo]

(of an illness or medical condition) developing rapidly and lasting for a relatively short period

agudo,  aguda

agudo, aguda

Ex: Sarah recovered fully after a brief acute infection. 
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scratch
scratch
[substantivo]

a small, shallow injury to the skin caused by something sharp or rough

arranhão,  raspão

arranhão, raspão

Ex: Apart from a few scratches, Michael was unhurt after the fall. 
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to sprain
to sprain
[verbo]

(of a ligament) to be suddenly twisted, which results in much pain

torcer, distender

torcer, distender

Ex: He sprains his leg easily because of his weak joints. 

Ele torce facilmente a perna por causa das articulações fracas.

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burn
burn
[substantivo]

a mark or injury that is caused by exposure to fire, acid, heat, etc.

queimadura, marca de queimadura

queimadura, marca de queimadura

Ex: Doctors treated the burn immediately. 
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agony
agony
[substantivo]

severe physical or mental pain

agonia, sofrimento

agonia, sofrimento

Ex: Patients with severe burns often experience excruciating agony during treatment. 

Pacientes com queimaduras graves frequentemente experimentam agonia excruciante durante o tratamento.

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epidemic
epidemic
[substantivo]

the rapid spread of an infectious disease within a specific population, community, or region, affecting a significant number of individuals at the same time

epidemia, surtto epidêmico

epidemia, surtto epidêmico

Ex: The epidemic put a strain on the healthcare system. 
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pandemic
pandemic
[substantivo]

a disease that spreads across a large region or even across the world

pandemia, epidemia global

pandemia, epidemia global

Ex: Pandemics can spread illness globally due to increased international travel and trade networks. 
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