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Vocabulario Esencial para el TOEFL - Biología, Física y Química

Aquí aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés sobre biología, física y química, como "organism", "matter", "element", etc. que se necesitan para el examen TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
biology
biology
[Sustantivo]

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

biología

biología

Ex: His biology professor was renowned for research in genetic engineering. 

Su profesor de biología era reconocido por su investigación en ingeniería genética.

reproduction
reproduction
[Sustantivo]

the biological process by which organisms produce new individuals, either sexually through gamete fusion or asexually by mechanisms such as budding, fission, or spore formation

reproducción

reproducción

Ex: Hormonal changes control reproductive readiness in many animals, signaling when mating behaviors should begin. 

Los cambios hormonales controlan la preparación para la reproducción en muchos animales, señalando cuándo deben comenzar los comportamientos de apareamiento.

metabolism
metabolism
[Sustantivo]

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

metabolismo

metabolismo

Ex: The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism by producing hormones that control metabolic rate. 

La glándula tiroides juega un papel crucial en la regulación del metabolismo al producir hormonas que controlan la tasa metabólica.

organism
organism
[Sustantivo]

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

organismo

organismo

Ex: The rainforest teems with diverse organisms, from insects to mammals. 

La selva tropical está repleta de diversos organismos, desde insectos hasta mamíferos.

life cycle
life cycle
[Sustantivo]

all the different stages of grow and development of a living organism

ciclo de vida

ciclo de vida

Ex: Plants have a unique life cycle that involves seeds, growth, and reproduction. 

Las plantas tienen un ciclo de vida único que implica semillas, crecimiento y reproducción.

molecule
molecule
[Sustantivo]

the smallest structure of a substance consisting of a group of atoms

molécula

molécula

Ex: Some molecules are simple, like oxygen, which is made of two oxygen atoms. 

Algunas moléculas son simples, como el oxígeno, que está formado por dos átomos de oxígeno.

molecular
molecular
[Adjetivo]

consisting of or relating to molecules, which are groups of atoms bonded together

molecular

molecular

Ex: The field of molecular chemistry investigates the chemical reactions and properties of molecules. 

El campo de la química molecular investiga las reacciones químicas y las propiedades de las moléculas.

matter
matter
[Sustantivo]

a physical substance that occupies space and exists in every material in the universe

materia

materia

Ex: In the universe, matter exists in various forms, including stars and planets. 

En el universo, la materia existe en varias formas, incluyendo estrellas y planetas.

chemistry
chemistry
[Sustantivo]

the branch of science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other

química

química

Ex: Understanding the basics of chemistry is essential for many scientific careers. 

Comprender los conceptos básicos de la química es esencial para muchas carreras científicas.

element
element
[Sustantivo]

a substance that is composed of only one type of atom, typically characterized by specific physical and chemical properties

elemento

elemento

Ex: The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic numbers and properties. 

La tabla periódica organiza los elementos según sus números atómicos y propiedades.

evolution
evolution
[Sustantivo]

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

evolución

evolución

Ex: The study of evolution helps scientists understand the diversity of life on Earth and how organisms are interconnected through common ancestry. 

El estudio de la evolución ayuda a los científicos a comprender la diversidad de la vida en la Tierra y cómo los organismos están interconectados a través de un ancestro común.

property
property
[Sustantivo]

a feature or quality of something

propiedad

propiedad

Ex: Location is often cited as the most important property factor when buying real estate. 

La ubicación suele citarse como el factor más importante al comprar una propiedad.

photosynthesis
photosynthesis
[Sustantivo]

a process in green plants during which the plant synthesizes using water and carbon dioxide

fotosíntesis

fotosíntesis

Ex: The efficiency of photosynthesis drops in extreme heat or drought. 

La eficiencia de la fotosíntesis disminuye en condiciones de calor o sequía extremos.

DNA
DNA
[Sustantivo]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

ADN

ADN

Ex: DNA carries the information that determines traits like eye color and height. 

El ADN lleva la información que determina rasgos como el color de ojos y la altura.

gene
gene
[Sustantivo]

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

gene

gene

Ex: She discovered that her gene pool had a unique mutation. 

Descubrió que su acervo génico tenía una mutación única.

to react
to react
[Verbo]

(physics) to be subject to physical or chemical change

reaccionar

reaccionar

Ex: In a combustion reaction, hydrocarbons react with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. 

En una reacción de combustión, los hidrocarburos reaccionan con el oxígeno para producir dióxido de carbono y agua.

fiber
fiber
[Sustantivo]

any strand of muscle or nervous tissues

fibra

fibra

Ex: The surgeon carefully stitched together the severed nerve fibers to restore sensation and function to the patient's hand. 
particle
particle
[Sustantivo]

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

partícula

partícula

Ex: The Large Hadron Collider is a powerful accelerator designed to study the behavior of subatomic particles. 

El Gran Colisionador de Hadrones es un acelerador potente diseñado para estudiar el comportamiento de las partículas subatómicas.

compound
compound
[Sustantivo]

(chemistry) a substance that its molecules consist of two or more elements that are held together by a chemical bond

compuesto

compuesto

Ex: The chemical bond in a compound holds the atoms together tightly. 

El enlace químico en un compuesto mantiene los átomos unidos firmemente.

bond
bond
[Sustantivo]

a link that holds atoms or ions together in any molecule or crystal

enlace

enlace

Ex: Metallic bonds are characterized by the delocalization of electrons within a metal lattice, allowing for high electrical conductivity. 

Los enlaces metálicos se caracterizan por la deslocalización de electrones dentro de una red metálica, lo que permite una alta conductividad eléctrica.

atomic
atomic
[Adjetivo]

related to atoms, the smallest units of matter, including their structure, properties, and interactions

atómico

atómico

Ex: The periodic table organizes elements based on their atomic number and properties. 

La tabla periódica organiza los elementos según su número atómico y sus propiedades.

nerve
nerve
[Sustantivo]

each of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process

nervio

nervio

Ex: The surgeon carefully avoided the facial nerve during the tumor removal. 
parasite
parasite
[Sustantivo]

(biology) a small organism that lives on or inside another organism, called a host, and is dependent on it for nutrition and growth

parásito

parásito

Ex: Malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. 

La malaria es causada por un parásito llamado Plasmodium, que se transmite a los humanos a través de la picadura de un mosquito Anopheles infectado.

instinct
instinct
[Sustantivo]

a natural reaction or behavior that occurs automatically, without conscious thought or reasoning

instinto, intuición

instinto, intuición

Ex: His instinct to help others kicked in when he saw the car accident on the highway. 

Su instinto de ayudar a los demás se activó cuando vio el accidente de coche en la autopista.

acid
acid
[Sustantivo]

a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7

ácido

ácido

Ex: Vinegar is an example of a weak acid known as acetic acid, which is commonly used in cooking and cleaning. 

El vinagre es un ejemplo de un ácido débil conocido como ácido acético, que se usa comúnmente en la cocina y la limpieza.

electron
electron
[Sustantivo]

a small particle in an atom with negative charge

electrónica

electrónica

Ex: The number of electrons determines an element's chemical properties. 

El número de electrones determina las propiedades químicas de un elemento.

vapor
vapor
[Sustantivo]

extremely small drops of liquid in the air, resulted from the heating of the liquid

vapor

vapor

Ex: The cool air combined with the warm water to create a thick vapor in the bathroom after the shower. 
glucose
glucose
[Sustantivo]

a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms

glucosa

glucosa

carbon
carbon
[Sustantivo]

a nonmetal element that can be found in all organic compounds and living things

carbono

carbono

Ex: The carbon in the atmosphere plays a crucial role in the greenhouse effect. 

El carbono en la atmósfera juega un papel crucial en el efecto invernadero.

calcium
calcium
[Sustantivo]

a soft silver-white metal that is an important element in bones and teeth

calcio

calcio

nitrogen
nitrogen
[Sustantivo]

one the most common elements in Earth's atmosphere

nitrógeno

nitrógeno

to dissolve

(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

disolverse

disolverse

Ex: The salt has completely dissolved into the soup. 

La sal se ha disuelto completamente en la sopa.

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