托福必备词汇 - 生物学、物理学和化学

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

生物学

the sexual or asexual process of creating offspring

繁殖

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

新陈代谢

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

生物

all the different stages of grow and development of a living organism

生命周期

the smallest structure of a substance consisting of a group of atoms

分子

consisting of or relating to molecules, which are groups of atoms bonded together

分子的

a physical substance that occupies space and exists in every material in the universe

物质

the branch of science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other

化学

a substance that is composed of only one type of atom, typically characterized by specific physical and chemical properties

元素

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

进化

a feature or quality of something

特性

a process in green plants during which the plant synthesizes using water and carbon dioxide

光合作用

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

DNA

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

基因

(physics) to be subject to physical or chemical change

反应

any strand of muscle or nervous tissues

肌纤维

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

粒子

(chemistry) a substance that its molecules consist of two or more elements that are held together by a chemical bond

化合物

a link that holds atoms or ions together in any molecule or crystal

键

related to atoms, the smallest units of matter, including their structure, properties, and interactions

原子

each of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process

神经

(biology) a small organism that lives on or inside another organism, called a host, and is dependent on it for nutrition and growth

寄生虫

a natural reaction or behavior that occurs automatically, without conscious thought or reasoning

本能

a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7

酸

a small particle in an atom with negative charge

电子

extremely small drops of liquid in the air, resulted from the heating of the liquid

蒸汽

a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms

葡萄糖

a nonmetal element that can be found in all organic compounds and living things

碳

a soft silver-white metal that is an important element in bones and teeth

钙

one the most common elements in Earth's atmosphere

氮

(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

溶解