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Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL - Biyolohiya, Pisika at Kimika

Dito matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles tungkol sa biyolohiya, pisika, at kimika, tulad ng "organism", "matter", "element", atbp. na kailangan para sa pagsusulit sa TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
biology
[Pangngalan]

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

biyolohiya, agham ng buhay

biyolohiya, agham ng buhay

Ex: Understanding biology is crucial for addressing environmental and health-related challenges .Ang pag-unawa sa **biyolohiya** ay mahalaga para sa pagtugon sa mga hamon na may kinalaman sa kapaligiran at kalusugan.
reproduction
[Pangngalan]

the sexual or asexual process of creating offspring

paglalang

paglalang

metabolism
[Pangngalan]

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

metabolismo, prosesong metaboliko

metabolismo, prosesong metaboliko

Ex: Metabolism slows down with age, leading to changes in energy levels and body composition.Ang **metabolismo** ay bumagal sa pagtanda, na nagdudulot ng mga pagbabago sa mga antas ng enerhiya at komposisyon ng katawan.
organism
[Pangngalan]

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

organismo, bagay na may buhay

organismo, bagay na may buhay

Ex: A single-celled organism, such as an amoeba , can exhibit complex behaviors .Ang isang single-celled na **organismo**, tulad ng isang amoeba, ay maaaring magpakita ng kumplikadong pag-uugali.
life cycle
[Pangngalan]

all the different stages of grow and development of a living organism

ikot ng buhay, biyolohikal na ikot

ikot ng buhay, biyolohikal na ikot

Ex: The life cycle of mammals begins with birth and ends with death .Ang **life cycle** ng mga mammal ay nagsisimula sa kapanganakan at nagtatapos sa kamatayan.
molecule
[Pangngalan]

the smallest structure of a substance consisting of a group of atoms

molekula

molekula

Ex: Chemical reactions often involve the breaking and forming of molecules.Ang mga reaksiyong kemikal ay madalas na nagsasangkot ng pagkasira at pagbuo ng **mga molekula**.
molecular
[pang-uri]

consisting of or relating to molecules, which are groups of atoms bonded together

molekular, may kaugnayan sa mga molekula

molekular, may kaugnayan sa mga molekula

Ex: The study of molecular biology focuses on the structure and function of biological molecules.Ang pag-aaral ng biyolohiyang **molekular** ay nakatuon sa istruktura at function ng mga biological na molekula.
matter
[Pangngalan]

a physical substance that occupies space and exists in every material in the universe

materya, sustansya

materya, sustansya

Ex: The study of matter is fundamental to fields like physics and chemistry .Ang pag-aaral ng **materya** ay pangunahing mahalaga sa mga larangan tulad ng pisika at kimika.
chemistry
[Pangngalan]

the branch of science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other

kimika, agham ng mga sustansya

kimika, agham ng mga sustansya

Ex: His passion for chemistry led him to pursue a degree in chemical engineering .Ang kanyang pagkahumaling sa **kimika** ang nagtulak sa kanya na mag-aral ng chemical engineering.
element
[Pangngalan]

a substance that is composed of only one type of atom, typically characterized by specific physical and chemical properties

elemento, sangkap

elemento, sangkap

Ex: Carbon is a versatile element found in all living organisms and many non-living materials .Ang carbon ay isang maraming kakayahang **elemento** na matatagpuan sa lahat ng mga nabubuhay na organismo at maraming hindi nabubuhay na materyales.
evolution
[Pangngalan]

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

ebolusyon

ebolusyon

Ex: Evolution has led to the incredible diversity of plants and animals we see on Earth today.Ang **ebolusyon** ay nagdulot ng kamangha-manghang pagkakaiba-iba ng mga halaman at hayop na nakikita natin sa Earth ngayon.
property
[Pangngalan]

a feature or quality of something

ari-arian, katangian

ari-arian, katangian

Ex: Elasticity is a material property that measures its ability to return to its original shape after being deformed .Ang **elasticity** ay isang **katangian** ng materyal na sumusukat sa kakayahan nitong bumalik sa orihinal na hugis pagkatapos ma-deform.
photosynthesis
[Pangngalan]

a process in green plants during which the plant synthesizes using water and carbon dioxide

potosintesis

potosintesis

DNA
[Pangngalan]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid

Ex: DNA contains the instructions for building proteins in the body .Ang **DNA** ay naglalaman ng mga tagubilin para sa pagbuo ng mga protina sa katawan.
gene
[Pangngalan]

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

hen, yunit ng pagmamana

hen, yunit ng pagmamana

Ex: The study revealed that some genes could influence intelligence .Ipinakita ng pag-aaral na ang ilang **mga gene** ay maaaring makaapekto sa katalinuhan.
to react
[Pandiwa]

(physics) to be subject to physical or chemical change

gumanti, makipag-ugnayan

gumanti, makipag-ugnayan

Ex: Baking soda and vinegar react when mixed, producing carbon dioxide gas, which causes the fizzing reaction.Ang baking soda at suka ay **nagre-react** kapag pinaghalo, na gumagawa ng carbon dioxide gas, na nagdudulot ng fizzing reaction.
fiber
[Pangngalan]

any strand of muscle or nervous tissues

hibla, himaymay

hibla, himaymay

Ex: Damage to the optic nerve fibers can result in vision loss or impairment .Ang pinsala sa mga **hibla** ng optic nerve ay maaaring magresulta sa pagkawala o pagkasira ng paningin.
particle
[Pangngalan]

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

partikula

partikula

Ex: Scientists study the movement and interactions of particles to understand the fundamental forces of nature .Pinag-aaralan ng mga siyentipiko ang galaw at interaksyon ng mga **particle** upang maunawaan ang mga pangunahing puwersa ng kalikasan.
compound
[Pangngalan]

(chemistry) a substance that its molecules consist of two or more elements that are held together by a chemical bond

kompuesto, halo

kompuesto, halo

Ex: Many compounds are essential for life , like carbohydrates and proteins .Maraming **compound** ang mahalaga para sa buhay, tulad ng carbohydrates at proteins.
bond
[Pangngalan]

a link that holds atoms or ions together in any molecule or crystal

bigkis, ugnayan

bigkis, ugnayan

Ex: Hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in the structure of DNA, contributing to its stability and the specificity of base pairing.Ang mga **bond** ng hydrogen ay may mahalagang papel sa istruktura ng DNA, na nag-aambag sa katatagan nito at sa pagiging tiyak ng base pairing.
atomic
[pang-uri]

related to atoms, the smallest units of matter, including their structure, properties, and interactions

atomiko

atomiko

Ex: Atomic mass represents the average mass of an atom, taking into account its isotopes.Ang masa **atomiko** ay kumakatawan sa average na masa ng isang atom, na isinasaalang-alang ang mga isotope nito.
nerve
[Pangngalan]

each of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process

nerbiyos, hibla ng nerbiyos

nerbiyos, hibla ng nerbiyos

parasite
[Pangngalan]

(biology) a small organism that lives on or inside another organism, called a host, and is dependent on it for nutrition and growth

parasito, organismong parasito

parasito, organismong parasito

Ex: The relationship between the host and the parasite is often detrimental to the host , as the parasite exploits its resources for survival and reproduction .Ang relasyon sa pagitan ng host at ng **parasite** ay madalas na nakakasama sa host, dahil sinasamantala ng parasite ang mga mapagkukunan nito para sa kaligtasan at pagpaparami.
instinct
[Pangngalan]

a natural reaction or behavior that occurs automatically, without conscious thought or reasoning

likas na ugali, udyok

likas na ugali, udyok

Ex: The swimmer 's instinct to hold her breath underwater helped her win the race .Ang **instinct** ng manlalangoy na pigilan ang kanyang hininga sa ilalim ng tubig ay nakatulong sa kanya na manalo sa karera.
acid
[Pangngalan]

a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7

asido, sustansyang asido

asido, sustansyang asido

Ex: When dissolved in water, carbonic acid forms from carbon dioxide, contributing to the acidity of rainwater.Kapag natunaw sa tubig, ang **acid** carbonic ay nabubuo mula sa carbon dioxide, na nag-aambag sa kaasiman ng tubig-ulan.
electron
[Pangngalan]

a small particle in an atom with negative charge

elektron, maliit na partikula sa atom na may negatibong karga

elektron, maliit na partikula sa atom na may negatibong karga

Ex: MRI machines track the spin of electrons to create detailed body images .Sinusubaybayan ng mga MRI machine ang pag-ikot ng mga **electron** upang makalikha ng detalyadong mga imahe ng katawan.
vapor
[Pangngalan]

extremely small drops of liquid in the air, resulted from the heating of the liquid

singaw,  ambon

singaw, ambon

Ex: The vapor from the humidifier helped alleviate the dryness in the room during the winter months .Ang **singaw** mula sa humidifier ay nakatulong na mapawi ang dryness sa kuwarto sa mga buwan ng taglamig.
glucose
[Pangngalan]

a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms

glukosa

glukosa

carbon
[Pangngalan]

a nonmetal element that can be found in all organic compounds and living things

carbon, uling

carbon, uling

Ex: Activated carbon is widely used in filtration systems to remove impurities.Ang activated **carbon** ay malawakang ginagamit sa mga sistema ng pagsasala upang alisin ang mga dumi.
calcium
[Pangngalan]

a soft silver-white metal that is an important element in bones and teeth

kalsiyum

kalsiyum

nitrogen
[Pangngalan]

one the most common elements in Earth's atmosphere

nitroheno

nitroheno

to dissolve
[Pandiwa]

(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

matunaw, tunawin

matunaw, tunawin

Ex: The detergent will dissolve in the washing machine , cleaning the clothes .Ang detergent ay **matutunaw** sa washing machine, nililinis ang mga damit.
Mahalagang Bokabularyo para sa TOEFL
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