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TOEFL のための基本語彙 - 生物学、物理学、化学

TOEFL試験に必要な「生物」「物質」「元素」など、生物学・物理・化学に関する英単語を学びます。

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
biology

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

生物学

生物学

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[名詞]
reproduction

the sexual or asexual process of creating offspring

生殖, 再生産

生殖, 再生産

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[名詞]
metabolism

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

代謝

代謝

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[名詞]
organism

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

生物

生物

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[名詞]
life cycle

all the different stages of grow and development of a living organism

ライフサイクル, 生活のサイクル

ライフサイクル, 生活のサイクル

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[名詞]
molecule

the smallest structure of a substance consisting of a group of atoms

分子

分子

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[名詞]
molecular

consisting of or relating to molecules, which are groups of atoms bonded together

分子の

分子の

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[形容詞]
matter

a physical substance that occupies space and exists in every material in the universe

物質

物質

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[名詞]
chemistry

the branch of science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other

化学

化学

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[名詞]
element

a substance that is composed of only one type of atom, typically characterized by specific physical and chemical properties

元素, 物質

元素, 物質

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[名詞]
evolution

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

進化

進化

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[名詞]
property

a feature or quality of something

特性, 特徴

特性, 特徴

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[名詞]
photosynthesis

a process in green plants during which the plant synthesizes using water and carbon dioxide

光合成

光合成

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[名詞]
DNA

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

DNA, 脱酸核酸

DNA, 脱酸核酸

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[名詞]
gene

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

遺伝子, 遺伝的遺伝子

遺伝子, 遺伝的遺伝子

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[名詞]
to react

(physics) to be subject to physical or chemical change

反応する, 相対する

反応する, 相対する

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[動詞]
fiber

any strand of muscle or nervous tissues

筋繊維, 神経繊維

筋繊維, 神経繊維

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[名詞]
particle

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

粒子, 元素

粒子, 元素

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[名詞]
compound

(chemistry) a substance that its molecules consist of two or more elements that are held together by a chemical bond

化合物, 化学物質

化合物, 化学物質

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[名詞]
bond

a link that holds atoms or ions together in any molecule or crystal

結合, 結びつき

結合, 結びつき

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[名詞]
atomic

related to atoms, the smallest units of matter, including their structure, properties, and interactions

原子の, 原子に関する

原子の, 原子に関する

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[形容詞]
nerve

each of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process

神経

神経

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[名詞]
parasite

(biology) a small organism that lives on or inside another organism, called a host, and is dependent on it for nutrition and growth

寄生虫

寄生虫

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[名詞]
instinct

a natural reaction or behavior that occurs automatically, without conscious thought or reasoning

本能

本能

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[名詞]
acid

a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7

酸

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[名詞]
electron

a small particle in an atom with negative charge

電子

電子

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[名詞]
vapor

extremely small drops of liquid in the air, resulted from the heating of the liquid

水蒸気, 霧

水蒸気, 霧

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[名詞]
glucose

a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms

グルコース

グルコース

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[名詞]
carbon

a nonmetal element that can be found in all organic compounds and living things

炭素

炭素

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[名詞]
calcium

a soft silver-white metal that is an important element in bones and teeth

カルシウム

カルシウム

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[名詞]
nitrogen

one the most common elements in Earth's atmosphere

窒素

窒素

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[名詞]
to dissolve

(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

溶かす, 溶ける

溶かす, 溶ける

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[動詞]
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