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Základní Slovní Zásoba pro TOEFL - Biologie, fyzika a chemie

Zde se naučíte některá anglická slovíčka o biologii, fyzice a chemii, jako je „organismus“, „hmota“, „prvek“ atd., která jsou potřebná ke zkoušce TOEFL.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
biology
[Podstatné jméno]

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

biologie, biologická věda

biologie, biologická věda

Ex: biology is crucial for addressing environmental and health-related challenges .
reproduction
[Podstatné jméno]

the sexual or asexual process of creating offspring

reprodukce, rozmnožování

reprodukce, rozmnožování

metabolism
[Podstatné jméno]

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

metabolismus, výmetabolismus

metabolismus, výmetabolismus

Ex: Metabolism slows down with age, leading to changes in energy levels and body composition.
organism
[Podstatné jméno]

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

organismus, živý tvor

organismus, živý tvor

Ex: A organism, such as an amoeba , can exhibit complex behaviors .
life cycle
[Podstatné jméno]

all the different stages of grow and development of a living organism

životní cyklus, cyklus života

životní cyklus, cyklus života

Ex: life cycle of mammals begins with birth and ends with death .
molecule
[Podstatné jméno]

the smallest structure of a substance consisting of a group of atoms

molekula, molekulární struktu

molekula, molekulární struktu

Ex: Chemical reactions often involve the breaking and forming molecules.
molecular
[Přídavné jméno]

consisting of or relating to molecules, which are groups of atoms bonded together

molekulární, molekuloví

molekulární, molekuloví

Ex: The study of molecular biology focuses on the structure and function of biological molecules.
matter
[Podstatné jméno]

a physical substance that occupies space and exists in every material in the universe

hmota, materie

hmota, materie

Ex: The study matter is fundamental to fields like physics and chemistry .
chemistry
[Podstatné jméno]

the branch of science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other

chemie, chemická věda

chemie, chemická věda

Ex: His passion chemistry led him to pursue a degree in chemical engineering .
element
[Podstatné jméno]

a substance that is composed of only one type of atom, typically characterized by specific physical and chemical properties

prvek, element

prvek, element

Ex: Carbon is a element found in all living organisms and many non-living materials .
evolution
[Podstatné jméno]

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

evoluce, vývoj

evoluce, vývoj

Ex: Evolution has led to the incredible diversity of plants and animals we see on Earth today.
property
[Podstatné jméno]

a feature or quality of something

vlastnost, atribut

vlastnost, atribut

Ex: Elasticity is a property that measures its ability to return to its original shape after being deformed .
photosynthesis
[Podstatné jméno]

a process in green plants during which the plant synthesizes using water and carbon dioxide

fotosyntéza, fotochemická syntéza

fotosyntéza, fotochemická syntéza

DNA
[Podstatné jméno]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

DNA, deoxyribonukleová kyselina

DNA, deoxyribonukleová kyselina

Ex: DNA contains the instructions for building proteins in the body .
gene
[Podstatné jméno]

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

gen, dědičná jednotka

gen, dědičná jednotka

Ex: The study revealed that genes could influence intelligence .
to react
[sloveso]

(physics) to be subject to physical or chemical change

reaktovat, reakce

reaktovat, reakce

Ex: Baking soda and vinegar react when mixed, producing carbon dioxide gas, which causes the fizzing reaction.
fiber
[Podstatné jméno]

any strand of muscle or nervous tissues

vlákno, vlákno svalové tkáně

vlákno, vlákno svalové tkáně

Ex: Damage to the fibers can result in vision loss or impairment .
particle
[Podstatné jméno]

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

částice, elementární částice

částice, elementární částice

Ex: Scientists study the movement and interactions particles to understand the fundamental forces of nature .
compound
[Podstatné jméno]

(chemistry) a substance that its molecules consist of two or more elements that are held together by a chemical bond

sloučenina, komplex

sloučenina, komplex

Ex: compounds are essential for life , like carbohydrates and proteins .
bond
[Podstatné jméno]

a link that holds atoms or ions together in any molecule or crystal

kovová vazba, iontová vazba

kovová vazba, iontová vazba

Ex: Hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in the structure of DNA, contributing to its stability and the specificity of base pairing.
atomic
[Přídavné jméno]

related to atoms, the smallest units of matter, including their structure, properties, and interactions

atomový, atomární

atomový, atomární

Ex: Atomic mass represents the average mass of an atom, taking into account its isotopes.
nerve
[Podstatné jméno]

each of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process

nerv, nervový vlákn

nerv, nervový vlákn

parasite
[Podstatné jméno]

(biology) a small organism that lives on or inside another organism, called a host, and is dependent on it for nutrition and growth

parazit, parazity

parazit, parazity

Ex: The relationship between the host and the parasite is often detrimental to the host , as parasite exploits its resources for survival and reproduction .
instinct
[Podstatné jméno]

a natural reaction or behavior that occurs automatically, without conscious thought or reasoning

instinkt, pud

instinkt, pud

Ex: The swimmerinstinct to hold her breath underwater helped her win the race .
acid
[Podstatné jméno]

a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7

kyselina, acidum

kyselina, acidum

Ex: When dissolved in water, carbonic acid forms from carbon dioxide, contributing to the acidity of rainwater.
electron
[Podstatné jméno]

a small particle in an atom with negative charge

elektron, elektrická částice

elektron, elektrická částice

vapor
[Podstatné jméno]

extremely small drops of liquid in the air, resulted from the heating of the liquid

pára, aramát

pára, aramát

Ex: vapor from the humidifier helped alleviate the dryness in the room during the winter months .
glucose
[Podstatné jméno]

a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms

glukóza, hroznový cukr

glukóza, hroznový cukr

carbon
[Podstatné jméno]

a nonmetal element that can be found in all organic compounds and living things

uhlík, karbon

uhlík, karbon

Ex: Activated carbon is widely used in filtration systems to remove impurities.
calcium
[Podstatné jméno]

a soft silver-white metal that is an important element in bones and teeth

vápník, kalcium

vápník, kalcium

nitrogen
[Podstatné jméno]

one the most common elements in Earth's atmosphere

dusík, nitrogen

dusík, nitrogen

to dissolve
[sloveso]

(of a solid) to become one with a liquid

rozpustit, rozpouštět

rozpustit, rozpouštět

Ex: The detergent dissolve in the washing machine , cleaning the clothes .
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