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Nödvändigt Ordförråd för TOEFL - Biologi, Fysik och Kemi

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord om biologi, fysik och kemi, såsom "organismer", "materia", "element" etc. som behövs för TOEFL-provet.

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Essential Words Needed for TOEFL
biology
biology
[Substantiv]

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

biologi, livsvetenskap

biologi, livsvetenskap

Ex: They spent the summer conducting biology experiments in the university lab. 
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reproduction
reproduction
[Substantiv]

the biological process by which living organisms produce new individuals of the same kind

fortplantning,  reproduktion

fortplantning, reproduktion

Ex: Temperature can affect reproduction in certain animal species. 
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metabolism
metabolism
[Substantiv]

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

metabolism, ämnesomsättning

metabolism, ämnesomsättning

Ex: Some people have a fast metabolism, allowing them to burn calories quickly even at rest. 
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organism
organism
[Substantiv]

an individual living thing, such as an animal, plant, fungus, or bacterium

Ex: Some organisms can survive in extremely cold environments. 
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life cycle
life cycle
[Substantiv]

all the different stages of grow and development of a living organism

livscykel, biologisk cykel

livscykel, biologisk cykel

Ex: They observed the entire life cycle of a plant in the school garden. 

De observerade hela livscykeln hos en växt i skolans trädgård.

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molecule
molecule
[Substantiv]

the smallest unit of a substance that can exist independently while retaining its chemical properties

molekyl,  molekyl

molekyl, molekyl

Ex: Heat causes the molecules in a liquid to move faster. 
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molecular
molecular
[adjektiv]

consisting of or relating to molecules, which are groups of atoms bonded together

molekylär, relaterad till molekyler

molekylär, relaterad till molekyler

Ex: Molecular synthesis involves the creation of new compounds through chemical reactions between molecules. 

Molekylär syntes innebär skapandet av nya föreningar genom kemiska reaktioner mellan molekyler.

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matter
matter
[Substantiv]

a physical substance that occupies space and exists in every material in the universe

materia, substans

materia, substans

Ex: Matter occupies space and has mass. 
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chemistry
chemistry
[Substantiv]

the science that studies the composition, properties, and reactions of substances

Ex: The university offers several advanced courses in chemistry. 
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element
element
[Substantiv]

a substance that is composed of only one type of atom, typically characterized by specific physical and chemical properties

element, komponent

element, komponent

Ex: Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au. 
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evolution
evolution
[Substantiv]

the process by which populations of living organisms change genetically across successive generations

evolution,  biologisk evolution

evolution, biologisk evolution

Ex: The evolution of whales from land-dwelling ancestors took millions of years. 
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property
property
[Substantiv]

a feature or quality of something

egenskap, karaktäristik

egenskap, karaktäristik

Ex: Strength is an important property of this material. 
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photosynthesis
photosynthesis
[Substantiv]

a process in green plants during which the plant synthesizes using water and carbon dioxide

fotosyntes

fotosyntes

Ex: Scientists study artificial photosynthesis to create clean energy. 

Forskare studerar artificiell fotosyntes för att skapa ren energi.

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DNA
DNA
[Substantiv]

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

DNA, deoxiribonukleinsyra

DNA, deoxiribonukleinsyra

Ex: DNA contains the instructions needed for growth and development. 
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gene
gene
[Substantiv]

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

gen, genetisk enhet

gen, genetisk enhet

Ex: Scientists identified a gene linked to the inherited disorder. 
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to react
to react
[Verb]

to undergo a chemical or physical change through interaction with another substance or influence

reagera,  reagera med

reagera, reagera med

Ex: Some metals react strongly with acids. 
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fiber
fiber
[Substantiv]

a long, thin cell or threadlike structure that forms part of muscle or nervous tissue

fiber,  muskelfiber

fiber, muskelfiber

Ex: Signals travel along nerve fibers to different parts of the body. 
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particle
particle
[Substantiv]

an extremely small unit of matter or radiation treated as a discrete entity in physics

partikel

partikel

Ex: The collision produced several high-energy particles. 
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compound
compound
[Substantiv]

a pure substance formed from two or more chemical elements chemically bonded in fixed proportions

förening

förening

Ex: The reaction produced a new compound with different properties. 
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bond
bond
[Substantiv]

a link that holds atoms or ions together in any molecule or crystal

bindning, förbindelse

bindning, förbindelse

Ex: A covalent bond forms when atoms share electrons. 
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atomic
atomic
[adjektiv]

related to atoms, the smallest units of matter, including their structure, properties, and interactions

atomär

atomär

Ex: Atomic bonding involves interactions between atoms to form molecules or compounds. 
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nerve
nerve
[Substantiv]

a bundle of fibers that carries signals between the brain or spinal cord and other parts of the body

nerv,  nervfiber

nerv, nervfiber

Ex: The surgeon carefully avoided cutting the nearby nerves. 
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parasite
parasite
[Substantiv]

(biology) a small organism that lives on or inside another organism, called a host, and is dependent on it for nutrition and growth

parasit, parasitisk organism

parasit, parasitisk organism

Ex: Scientists are studying the life cycle of the parasite to develop better treatments and preventative measures for the diseases it causes. 
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instinct
instinct
[Substantiv]

a natural tendency or ability to behave or react in a particular way without conscious thought or learning

instinkt,  naturskydd

instinkt, naturskydd

Ex: Daniel trusted his instinct and rejected the offer. 
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acid
acid
[Substantiv]

a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7

syra, sur substans

syra, sur substans

Ex: Lemon juice contains citric acid, which gives it a sour taste. 
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electron
electron
[Substantiv]

an extremely small elementary particle with a negative electric charge

elektron

elektron

Ex: Electric current in a metal involves the movement of electrons. 
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vapor
vapor
[Substantiv]

extremely small drops of liquid in the air, resulted from the heating of the liquid

ånga,  dimma

ånga, dimma

Ex: The scientist observed the behavior of water vapor as it condensed into clouds in the laboratory. 
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glucose
glucose
[Substantiv]

(biochemistry) a simple sugar that is the main source of energy for cells in the body

glukos, druvsocker

glukos, druvsocker

Ex: Plants produce glucose during photosynthesis from sunlight and water. 
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carbon
carbon
[Substantiv]

a chemical element present in all living things and in substances such as coal, graphite, and diamond

kol,  kol

kol, kol

Ex: Plants obtain carbon from carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. 
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calcium
calcium
[Substantiv]

a chemical element, symbol Ca, that is essential for healthy bones and teeth and occurs naturally in many foods and minerals

Ex: Calcium is one of the most abundant minerals in the human body. 
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nitrogen
nitrogen
[Substantiv]

(chemistry) a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that makes up about 78 percent of Earth's atmosphere and is found in all living tissues

kväve,  nitrogen

kväve, nitrogen

Ex: Nitrogen gas is inert and often used to prevent oxidation in food packaging. 
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to dissolve

to become incorporated into a liquid and form a solution

lösa upp sig,  upplösas

lösa upp sig, upplösas

Ex: The salt had already dissolved by the time Emma returned. 
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