Essential Vocabulary for TOEFL - Biology, Physics, and Chemistry

the scientific study of living organisms; the science that studies living organisms

the biological process by which organisms produce new individuals, either sexually through gamete fusion or asexually by mechanisms such as budding, fission, or spore formation

the chemical processes through which food is changed into energy for the body to use

a living thing such as a plant, animal, etc., especially a very small one that lives on its own

all the different stages of grow and development of a living organism

the smallest structure of a substance consisting of a group of atoms

consisting of or relating to molecules, which are groups of atoms bonded together

a physical substance that occupies space and exists in every material in the universe

the branch of science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other

a substance that is composed of only one type of atom, typically characterized by specific physical and chemical properties

(biology) the slow and gradual development of living things throughout the history of the earth

a feature or quality of something

a process in green plants during which the plant synthesizes using water and carbon dioxide

(biochemistry) a chemical substance that carries the genetic information, which is present in every cell and some viruses

(genetics) a basic unit of heredity and a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is located on a chromosome in a cell and controls a particular quality

(physics) to be subject to physical or chemical change

any strand of muscle or nervous tissues

(physics) any of the smallest units that energy or matter consists of, such as electrons, atoms, molecules, etc.

(chemistry) a substance that its molecules consist of two or more elements that are held together by a chemical bond

a link that holds atoms or ions together in any molecule or crystal

related to atoms, the smallest units of matter, including their structure, properties, and interactions

each of a group of long thread-like structures in the body that carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body, sensing things is a result of this process

(biology) a small organism that lives on or inside another organism, called a host, and is dependent on it for nutrition and growth

a natural reaction or behavior that occurs automatically, without conscious thought or reasoning

a water-soluble chemical substance that contains Hydrogen and has a sour taste or corrosive feature with a PH less than 7

a small particle in an atom with negative charge

extremely small drops of liquid in the air, resulted from the heating of the liquid

a basic kind of sugar that is a component of carbohydrates and provides energy for many living organisms

a nonmetal element that can be found in all organic compounds and living things

a soft silver-white metal that is an important element in bones and teeth

one the most common elements in Earth's atmosphere

(of a solid) to become one with a liquid