Littérature - Genres Poétiques

a musical piece or poem appropriate to or influenced by the dawn or early morning

aubade

a tale that is narrated in the form of a song or poem

ballade

a type of poem or acrostic in which each line, stanza, or word begins with the successive letters of the alphabet

abécédaire

a poem or other piece of writing in which certain letters of each line, usually the initial letters, spell out a word or phrase

acrostiche

a poem in which the words or letters are arranged on the page in a visual pattern or shape that reflects the meaning or theme of the poem

poésie concrète, poème concret

aiming to teach a moral lesson

didactique

a slow song or hymn sung traditionally at a funeral, showing grief or lamentation

chant funèbre, hymne funèbre

a poem in the narrative or speech form, in which the speaker's character is revealed while describing a situation or a series of events

monologue dramatique

a form of poetry that originated in ancient Greek and Roman literature, typically consisting of a short, pastoral poem or dialogue between two shepherds

éclogue

a type of poetry that explores and celebrates the natural world, often expressing concerns about environmental degradation

écopoésie, poésie écologique

a song or poem expressing sadness, especially in the memory of a dead person or a bitter event in the past

élégie

a style of writing that employs brevity, omission, or suggestion, often omitting words, phrases, or entire sections of a sentence

elliptique

a long poem in narrative form giving an account of the extraordinary deeds and adventures of a nation's heroes or legends

épopée

a short poem or phrase that expresses a single thought satirically, often ending in a clever or humorous way

épigramme

a type of poem that celebrates a wedding or marriage, typically composed in honor of the bride and groom

épithalame

a type of narrative poem that originated in ancient Greek and Roman literature, typically characterized by a brief and highly polished style, an episodic or fragmentary structure, and a focus on erotic or romantic themes

épyllion

a type of narrative poem or song that is traditionally passed down through oral tradition and often tells a story of adventure, love, tragedy, or other dramatic events

ballade populaire, ballade folklorique

expressing general truths or aphorisms about life, often in a didactic or instructional tone, and frequently employing metaphors, paradoxes, and other literary devices to convey its meaning

gnomique, aphorique

a type of poem that follows the structure and style of the odes written by the ancient Roman poet Horace, characterized by a relatively simple and informal tone, a personal and reflective voice, and a focus on themes of nature, love, and everyday life

ode horatienne, ode à la manière d'Horace

a religious song intended to praise God, especially sung by Christians in congregation

hymne

a song, musical piece, poem, etc. that expresses the feeling of sorrow and sadness after a loss or death

complainte

a humorous poem of five anapestic lines with a rhyme scheme of AABBA

limerick

a usually short form of poetry expressing personal feelings and thoughts

poésie lyrique

a song without instruments consisting of several vocals, singing about secular themes in the 16th century

madrigal

a type of poetry that employs the style and language of epic or heroic poetry to satirize or parody a trivial or mundane subject, often using irony, exaggeration, and other comedic devices to create a humorous effect

parodie héroïque, poésie mock-héroïque

a type of poetry that uses humorous and nonsensical language and ideas to create a playful and often absurd effect, frequently employing invented words, nonsense rhymes, and illogical or surreal imagery

vers absurde, poésie nonsensique

a type of poetry that is written to commemorate a specific event or occasion, such as a wedding, a birthday, a holiday, or a political or social event

poésie occasionnelle, poésie commémorative

a type of poetry that is intended to be entertaining and humorous, often focusing on everyday life, romantic relationships, social interactions, and other lighthearted themes

poésie légère, poésie humoristique

a lyric poem, written in varied or irregular metrical form, for a particular object, person, or concept

ode

a type of poem in which the poet retracts or recants a statement made in an earlier poem

palinodie, retractation poétique

a type of poem or speech that praises or celebrates a particular person, group, or institution

panégyrique

a type of poem that depicts rural life, nature, and the simple pleasures of country living

pastorale, poème pastoral

a type of lyric poem characterized by a complex structure, elaborate metaphors, and a celebratory tone

ode pindarique, ode pindarienne

a poetry competition in which contestants recite their poems and the audience chooses the winner

slam

a type of poetry that omits or minimizes the use of verbs, relying instead on adjectives, nouns, and other descriptive language to create vivid and sensory imagery

poésie sans verbes, poésie non verbale

a poetic form consisting of seven sonnets, in which the last line of each sonnet is repeated as the first line of the next, and the final line of the seventh sonnet is the same as the first line of the first sonnet

couronne de sonnets, couronne des sonnets

a type of poetry that is created by taking pre-existing, non-poetic texts, such as advertisements, newspaper articles, or even grocery lists, and transforming them into a poetic form

poésie trouvée, poésie de récupération

a Japanese poem with three unrhymed lines that have five, seven and five syllables each

haiku

a traditional form of Japanese poetry consisting of five lines, with a syllable count of 5-7-5-7-7

tanka

(of verse) using a specific number of syllables per line or stanza, rather than relying on a specific meter or rhyme scheme

syllabique

a verse of Italian origin that has 14 lines, usually in an iambic pentameter and a prescribed rhyme scheme

sonnet

a type of sonnet consisting of 14 lines, typically written in iambic pentameter and following a rhyme scheme of ABAB CDCD EFEF GG

sonnet shakespearien, sonnet de Shakespeare

a verse without rhyme, especially one with ten syllables and five stresses, known as an iambic pentameter

vers non rimés

a humorous form of poetry consisting of four lines

clerihew, poésie humoristique