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Littérature - Narratologie

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés à la narratologie tels que "climax", "cliffhanger" et "suite".

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bathos
bathos
[nom]

a literary device in which an attempt at serious or elevated writing or speech is undermined by an incongruous or absurd use of language or imagery

désillusion, déception

désillusion, déception

climax
climax
[nom]

the most significant moment in a story, play, movie, etc. with a high dramatic suspense

apogée

apogée

Ex: The climax of the novel left readers on the edge of their seats, eagerly anticipating the resolution. 
Chekhov's gun

a literary principle that states that every element introduced in a story must be necessary and relevant to the plot or it should be removed

le fusil de Tchekhov, le principe de Tchekhov

le fusil de Tchekhov, le principe de Tchekhov

comic relief

a literary technique that uses humor to interrupt serious or tragic scenes in order to provide a temporary release from emotional tension

détente comique, soulagement comique

détente comique, soulagement comique

contrivance

a plot device or literary technique used to resolve a difficult situation in an unexpected or artificial way

artifice, expédient

artifice, expédient

Ex: The hero's sudden inheritance was a convenient contrivance. 
denouement

the last section of a literary or dramatic piece where the plot is concluded and all the matters of the work is explained

dénouement

dénouement

Ex: The denouement of the play revealed the true motives behind the protagonist’s actions. 
deus ex machina

a literary device where a sudden and unexpected event or character is introduced to resolve a problem in a story

deus ex machina, intervention divine

deus ex machina, intervention divine

embellishment

the act of adding extra details or exaggerating certain aspects of a story or description to make it more interesting or appealing

enjolivement, embellissement

enjolivement, embellissement

ending
ending
[nom]

the final part of a story, movie, etc.

fin

fin

Ex: He thought the ending of the mystery novel was quite clever. 
eponym
eponym
[nom]

a person, place, or thing after whom or which something is named

éponyme, personne éponyme

éponyme, personne éponyme

dangler
dangler
[nom]

a plot or character element that is introduced but never fully explained or resolved, leaving the audience with unanswered questions or loose ends

élément non résolu, intrigue laissée en suspens

élément non résolu, intrigue laissée en suspens

setting
setting
[nom]

the time and place in which the story of a movie, play, etc. is taking place

cadre

cadre

Ex: The setting of the movie is a futuristic city in the year 2050. 
cliffhanger

an ending to an episode of a series that keeps the audience in suspense

suspense, cliffhanger

suspense, cliffhanger

Ex: The season finale ended on a thrilling cliffhanger, leaving viewers on the edge of their seats and eagerly anticipating the next episode. 
premise
premise
[nom]

the central idea or foundation of a story, encompassing its main concept, conflict, characters, setting, and overall tone or genre

prémisse, concept central

prémisse, concept central

Ex: The movie's premise revolves around time travel and its consequences. 
theme
theme
[nom]

a recurring element that is the main idea or subject in a literary or artistic piece

thème

thème

poetic license

the freedom to deviate from facts, rules or conventional forms practiced by an artist or author in order to gain a desired effect

licence poétique

licence poétique

sequel
sequel
[nom]

a book, movie, play, etc. that continues and extends the story of an earlier one

suite

suite

Ex: The highly anticipated sequel to the bestselling novel was released to critical acclaim. 
spoiler
spoiler
[nom]

unwanted information about how the plot of a movie, game, book, etc. develops or ends that can ruin one's enjoyment

spoiler

spoiler

Ex: He accidentally gave away a spoiler about the ending of the movie. 
arc
arc
[nom]

the main theme or continuous narrative line in a story or series

arc narratif, arc scénaristique, story arc

arc narratif, arc scénaristique, story arc

Ex: The character's emotional arc is central to the novel. 
storyline

the plot of a movie, play, novel, etc.

intrigue, scénario, histoire

intrigue, scénario, histoire

Ex: The storyline takes a surprising turn in the final chapters of the book. 
stream of consciousness

the continuous flow of thoughts, feelings, and sensations of a character in a seemingly unstructured and spontaneous manner

flux de conscience, courant de conscience

flux de conscience, courant de conscience

subplot
subplot
[nom]

a series of events in a novel, movie, etc. that is separate from the main story and is less important but is linked to it

intrigue secondaire

intrigue secondaire

swashbuckling

a genre of literature, film, or entertainment that features action-packed adventures of daring swordplay, romance, and excitement, often set in historical or fantastical settings

cape et d'épée, aventures de cape et d'épée

cape et d'épée, aventures de cape et d'épée

synopsis

a brief summary or overview of the plot, characters, and major events of a book, movie, or other narrative work

synopsis

synopsis

trope
trope
[nom]

a common or recurring theme, motif, or device that is used in literature, art, or other forms of creative expression

trope, figure de style

trope, figure de style

vignette

a brief, impressionistic scene or sketch in literature or film that focuses on a particular moment or character

anecdote

anecdote

writer's block

a condition experienced by writers in which they are unable to produce new written material, despite having the desire or obligation to do so

blocage de l'écrivain, blocage créatif

blocage de l'écrivain, blocage créatif

filler
filler
[nom]

any material in a narrative that serves to pad or extend the length of the story without advancing the plot or developing the characters

remplissage, bouche-trou

remplissage, bouche-trou

flashback

a scene in a story line that interrupts the chronological order and takes the narrative back in time

retour en arrière

retour en arrière

frame story

a literary technique in which an introductory narrative serves as a frame for another story or a series of shorter stories

récit-cadre

récit-cadre

Ex: The frame story of the novel serves as a narrative device, framing the main plot with an overarching tale that provides context and perspective. 
interior monologue

a literary device that reveals a character's inner thoughts and feelings directly to the reader

monologue intérieur, soliloque intérieur

monologue intérieur, soliloque intérieur

to kill off

to cause the death of a character in a work of fiction, typically for dramatic effects or to advance the plot

éliminer, supprimer

éliminer, supprimer

Ex: The author is planning to kill off one of the main characters in the next book. 
linear narrative

a type of storytelling in which events are presented in a sequential and chronological order, following a cause-and-effect pattern and progressing toward a resolution or endpoint

récit linéaire, narration linéaire

récit linéaire, narration linéaire

nonlinear narrative

a type of storytelling that does not follow a chronological sequence, instead jumping back and forth in time or presenting events out of order

récit non linéaire, narration non linéaire

récit non linéaire, narration non linéaire

interactive narrative

a type of storytelling that allows the audience or user to actively participate in the story, making decisions that affect the direction or outcome of the narrative

récit interactif, narration interactive

récit interactif, narration interactive

longueur

a tedious or boring section of a work of literature or other artistic work, characterized by a lack of action, tension, or interest

longueur

longueur

love triangle

a relationship dynamic commonly found in stories, where three characters are romantically involved with each other in a way that creates tension, conflict, and difficult choices

triangle amoureux, ménage à trois

triangle amoureux, ménage à trois

MacGuffin

a storytelling device often used in film and literature, referring to an object, goal, or other motivator that drives the plot and characters' actions, but is often irrelevant or unimportant to the overall story itself

un MacGuffin, un objet de quête

un MacGuffin, un objet de quête

to mythologize

to create or embellish a story or a person's life with mythological or heroic elements

mythifier,  mythologiser

mythifier, mythologiser

to narrate
to narrate
[verbe]

to provide a spoken or written description of an event, story, etc.

raconter

raconter

Ex: She stood in front of the class to narrate her experience during the summer vacation. 
narration

the way of telling or explaining a story, particularly in a movie, novel, etc.

narration

narration

Ex: The first-person narration allowed readers to experience the protagonist's inner thoughts and emotions firsthand. 
narrative

a story or an account of something especially one that is told in a movie, novel, etc.

récit

récit

Ex: The narrative of the film captured the audience's attention from the very beginning. 
narrative thread

a plotline or a story element that runs throughout a larger narrative, connecting different events and characters together, often with a unifying theme or motif

fil narratif, trame narrative

fil narratif, trame narrative

pace
pace
[nom]

the speed at which a narrative unfolds and how it affects audience engagement

rythme, cadence

rythme, cadence

Ex: The film's pace keeps viewers on the edge of their seats. 
to personify

to attribute human characteristics, traits, or qualities to a non-human object, concept, or animal

personnifier, incarner

personnifier, incarner

plot
plot
[nom]

the events that are crucial to the formation and continuity of a story in a movie, play, novel, etc.

intrigue

intrigue

Ex: The plot of the novel kept readers on the edge of their seats with its unexpected twists. 
plot drift

a situation where the plot of a story deviates from its original trajectory

dérive de l'intrigue, déviation de l'intrigue

dérive de l'intrigue, déviation de l'intrigue

plot hole

an apparent mistake or inconsistency in the narrative of a book, motion picture, etc.

incohérence dans intrigue, incohérence dans le scénario

incohérence dans intrigue, incohérence dans le scénario

plot twist

a sudden and unexpected development in the storyline of a narrative, often at a crucial moment

rebondissement, retournement de situation

rebondissement, retournement de situation

plot device

a narrative element, often used in literature or film, that is employed by the author or screenwriter to advance the story or create a particular effect

dispositif narratif, artifice scénaristique

dispositif narratif, artifice scénaristique

quibble
quibble
[nom]

an instance of using precise phrasing in a contract, rule, or law to bypass its spirit or purpose

chicane, argutie

chicane, argutie

Ex: The lawyer exploited a quibble in the lease that exempted garden sheds from maintenance fees. 
red herring

anything that is intended to take people's focus away from what is important

fausse piste, diversion

fausse piste, diversion

Ex: The suspect's alibi seemed like a red herring, as it couldn't be corroborated by any evidence. 
eucatastrophe

a term coined by J.R.R. Tolkien to describe a sudden and unexpected turn of events in a story that results in a positive and joyful outcome

eucatastrophe, tournant heureux inattendu

eucatastrophe, tournant heureux inattendu

flashforward

an instance of showing a scene or event that will happen later in a movie, TV episode, etc. interrupting the chronological order of the plot

avance rapide

avance rapide

in medias res
in medias res
[Adverbe]

a literary technique in which a narrative begins in the middle of the story, rather than at the beginning

au milieu de l'action, in medias res

au milieu de l'action, in medias res

narrative hook

a literary device used at the beginning of a story to capture the reader's attention and engage their interest

accroche narrative, hameçon narratif

accroche narrative, hameçon narratif

poetic justice

a situation in which one believes that an unfortunate event that has happened to someone is well deserved

retour de bâton, bien fait pour lui

retour de bâton, bien fait pour lui

Ex: It was poetic justice when the scammer lost his own money in a fake investment. 
ticking time bomb scenario

a hypothetical situation which presents a moral dilemma where a person or authority must decide whether to use extreme measures to prevent a catastrophic event from occurring

scénario de bombe à retardement, situation de dilemme moral de la bombe à retardement

scénario de bombe à retardement, situation de dilemme moral de la bombe à retardement

defamiliarization

a literary technique used to make the familiar seem unfamiliar or strange in order to encourage the reader to see the world in a new way

défamiliarisation, étrangéisation

défamiliarisation, étrangéisation

multiperspectivity

a narrative technique in which a story is told from multiple perspectives or points of view

multiperspectivité, technique narrative multiperspective

multiperspectivité, technique narrative multiperspective

conflict

opposition between characters or forces in a story that drives the plot

désaccord, différend, conflit

désaccord, différend, conflit

Ex: The novel's central conflict revolves around love and duty. 
dialogue

a written or spoken line that is spoken by a character in a play, movie, book, or other work of fiction

dialogue, conversation

dialogue, conversation

Ex: The dialogue between the two characters revealed their hidden motives. 
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