IELTS Académique (Band 8 et Plus) - Law

the quality of being fair and just toward people according to natural law

équité

(law) a person or party involved in a legal case

plaideur

an extra financial compensation awarded in a lawsuit to punish the defendant for bad behavior and deter future wrongdoing

dommages-intérêts punitifs, dédommagements punitifs

to sign a document or agreement jointly with another person, taking equal responsibility for fulfilling its terms

co-signer, co-signer un document

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

décès intestat

the physical railing or barrier in a courtroom that separates participants from the judge

la barre, le banc

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

plaideur, plaideuse

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

magistrat

the reasonable suspicion that a crime has occurred or will occur

cause probable, motif raisonnable

a legal professional who is qualified and licensed to advocate on the behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts, primarily in Britain

avocat, plaidant, plaidante

a legal order from a court that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a specific action

injonction, ordonnance

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

affidavit

a recorded testimony given outside of court by a witness or party involved in a legal case, used as evidence in future proceedings

déposition, témoignage enregistré

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

notaire

a set of rules or directives made and maintained by an authority, especially in order to regulate conduct

règlement, règlement intérieur, règlement administratif

the temporary suspension or postponement of a legal proceeding or meeting

suspension, ajournement

a list of cases scheduled for a court's consideration, including details such as case numbers, parties involved, and hearing dates

dossier, tableau des affaires

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

acquittement

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

infraction

a formal accusation of a crime

inculpation

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

liberté conditionnelle

to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters

extrader

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

arbitrer, juger, être juge

to violate someone's rights or property

enfreindre, contrevenir à, transgresser

to invalidate a legal agreement

invalider

a legal document issued by a court or administrative agency, compelling an individual to appear as a witness, produce certain documents, or provide testimony in a legal proceeding

citation, citation à comparaître, assignation

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

exempter

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

renvoyer

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

respecter

the body of law formed by judicial decisions and precedents established in past court cases, used as a basis for deciding similar issues in subsequent legal proceedings

jurisprudence, droit jurisprudentiel

a raid or arrest, often resulting from police or law enforcement investigations

coup de filet, razzia

to officially cancel a law, decision, agreement, etc.

rescinder, casser, annuler, abroger, résilier

to attach a document to another, especially in formal or legal writings

annexer

the process of sending a legal case from one court to another for review or resolution, often due to jurisdictional or procedural reasons

renvoi, transfert

an official rule or order that is imposed by the law or someone with authority

ordonnance