IELTS academic (banda 8 și mai sus) - Law

the quality of being fair and just toward people according to natural law

echitate

(law) a person or party involved in a legal case

litigant

an extra financial compensation awarded in a lawsuit to punish the defendant for bad behavior and deter future wrongdoing

daune punitive

to sign a document or agreement jointly with another person, taking equal responsibility for fulfilling its terms

co-semna

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

intestație

the physical railing or barrier in a courtroom that separates participants from the judge

bariera

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

litigant

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

magistrat

the reasonable suspicion that a crime has occurred or will occur

cauză probabilă

a legal professional who is qualified and licensed to advocate on the behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts, primarily in Britain

avocat

a legal order from a court that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a specific action

ordonanță

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

declarație sub jurământ

a recorded testimony given outside of court by a witness or party involved in a legal case, used as evidence in future proceedings

depoziție

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

notar

a set of rules or directives made and maintained by an authority, especially in order to regulate conduct

regulament

the temporary suspension or postponement of a legal proceeding or meeting

suspendare

a list of cases scheduled for a court's consideration, including details such as case numbers, parties involved, and hearing dates

listă de cazuri

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

achitare

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

contravenție

a formal accusation of a crime

îndrumare

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

libertate condiționată

to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters

extrăda

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

adjudeca

to violate someone's rights or property

încălca

to invalidate a legal agreement

anula

a legal document issued by a court or administrative agency, compelling an individual to appear as a witness, produce certain documents, or provide testimony in a legal proceeding

subpoena

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

exempta

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

a trimite înapoi

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

respecta

the body of law formed by judicial decisions and precedents established in past court cases, used as a basis for deciding similar issues in subsequent legal proceedings

jurisprudență

a raid or arrest, often resulting from police or law enforcement investigations

percheziție

to officially cancel a law, decision, agreement, etc.

anula

to attach a document to another, especially in formal or legal writings

anexa

the process of sending a legal case from one court to another for review or resolution, often due to jurisdictional or procedural reasons

transfer

an official rule or order that is imposed by the law or someone with authority

ordonanță