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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 8-9) - Law

Aquí aprenderá algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con el derecho que son necesarias para el examen IELTS académico.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
equity
[Sustantivo]

the quality of being fair and just toward people according to natural law

equidad

equidad

Ex: Students have the right to plead their case and equity if they feel they have been treated unjustly according to the academic code of conduct .
litigant
[Sustantivo]

(law) a person or party involved in a legal case

litigante

litigante

Ex: The small business owner found himself as litigant in a contract dispute with a former partner over the terms of their dissolved agreement .
punitive damages
[Sustantivo]

an extra financial compensation awarded in a lawsuit to punish the defendant for bad behavior and deter future wrongdoing

daños punitivos, indemnización punitiva

daños punitivos, indemnización punitiva

Ex: The class-action lawsuit punitive damages against the pharmaceutical company for unethical marketing practices .
to co-sign
[Verbo]

to sign a document or agreement jointly with another person, taking equal responsibility for fulfilling its terms

cofirmar, cofirmar un préstamo

cofirmar, cofirmar un préstamo

Ex: To help his friend secure the car loan, he agreed to co-sign the financing agreement, making him equally liable for the payments.
intestacy
[Sustantivo]

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

intestado

intestado

Ex: The family faced complications in settling the deceased 's affairs due to the absence of a will and the application intestacy laws .
bar
[Sustantivo]

the physical railing or barrier in a courtroom that separates participants from the judge

la barra, el estrado

la barra, el estrado

Ex: The defendant remained behind bar until called to the stand .
litigator
[Sustantivo]

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

litigante

litigante

Ex: In the courtroom , litigator presented persuasive arguments and effectively cross-examined witnesses to support their client 's case .
magistrate
[Sustantivo]

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

juez de paz

juez de paz

Ex: Magistrates play a crucial role in the judicial system , handling a wide range of cases from traffic violations to minor criminal offenses .
probable cause
[Sustantivo]

the reasonable suspicion that a crime has occurred or will occur

causa probable, fundamento suficiente

causa probable, fundamento suficiente

Ex: The court determined that the anonymous tip provided probable cause for a search warrant .
barrister
[Sustantivo]

a legal professional who is qualified and licensed to advocate on the behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts, primarily in Britain

abogado

abogado

Ex: As barrister, he is known for his sharp legal mind and eloquent courtroom presentations .
injunction
[Sustantivo]

a legal order from a court that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a specific action

injunción, mandamiento judicial

injunción, mandamiento judicial

Ex: The singer was granted injunction against the paparazzi to protect her privacy .
affidavit
[Sustantivo]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

afidávit

afidávit

Ex: Falsifying information in affidavit can result in serious legal consequences , including perjury charges .
deposition
[Sustantivo]

a recorded testimony given outside of court by a witness or party involved in a legal case, used as evidence in future proceedings

declaración, testimonio

declaración, testimonio

Ex: The witnessdeposition was admitted as evidence during the trial , influencing the judge and jury .
notary
[Sustantivo]

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

notario

notario

Ex: notary confirmed the identity of the signatories and witnessed the signing of the will in accordance with state law .
bylaw
[Sustantivo]

a set of rules or directives made and maintained by an authority, especially in order to regulate conduct

estatuto

estatuto

adjournment
[Sustantivo]

the temporary suspension or postponement of a legal proceeding or meeting

suspensión, aplazamiento

suspensión, aplazamiento

Ex: The attorney requested adjournment to better prepare for the cross-examination of the witness .
docket
[Sustantivo]

a list of cases scheduled for a court's consideration, including details such as case numbers, parties involved, and hearing dates

lista de casos, registro de casos

lista de casos, registro de casos

Ex: The court administrator distributed copies of docket to legal professionals attending the trial .
acquittal
[Sustantivo]

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

absolución, exculpación

absolución, exculpación

Ex: Following acquittal, the defendant was released from custody and allowed to resume their normal life .
infraction
[Sustantivo]

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

infracción

infracción

Ex: The company has a zero-tolerance policy infractions of its code of conduct , enforcing strict penalties for violations .
indictment
[Sustantivo]

a formal accusation of a crime

acusación

acusación

Ex: Upon receiving indictment, the defendant was arrested and taken into custody by law enforcement officers .
parole
[Sustantivo]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

libertad condicional, libertad bajo palabra

libertad condicional, libertad bajo palabra

Ex: Parole offers offenders the opportunity for rehabilitation and reintegration into society under supervision, with the goal of reducing recidivism.

to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters

extraditar

extraditar

Ex: The judge ruled that they could extradite the accused without proper evidence .

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

arbitrar, juzgar

arbitrar, juzgar

Ex: Last month , the mediator was adjudicating conflicts between the parties .

to violate someone's rights or property

infringir, violar

infringir, violar

Ex: The court found the defendant guilty infringing the patent rights of a competing company .
to annul
[Verbo]

to invalidate a legal agreement

anular, invalidar

anular, invalidar

Ex: The parties sought annul the contract after discovering that it had been signed under duress .
subpoena
[Sustantivo]

a legal document issued by a court or administrative agency, compelling an individual to appear as a witness, produce certain documents, or provide testimony in a legal proceeding

citación

citación

Ex: The court clerk subpoenas for the employees who could provide essential information in the investigation .
to exempt
[Verbo]

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

eximir

eximir

Ex: The government exempt certain charitable organizations from paying income taxes .
to remand
[Verbo]

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

remitir

remitir

Ex: The judge 's decision remand the juvenile offender to a rehabilitation facility was aimed at providing appropriate intervention and support .

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

cumplir con

cumplir con

Ex: During the court trial , witnesses are required abide by the judge 's directives .
case law
[Sustantivo]

the body of law formed by judicial decisions and precedents established in past court cases, used as a basis for deciding similar issues in subsequent legal proceedings

jurisprudencia, normativa judicial

jurisprudencia, normativa judicial

Ex: The court 's decision was influenced by case law that established a precedent in similar situations .
bust
[Sustantivo]

a raid or arrest, often resulting from police or law enforcement investigations

redada, incautación

redada, incautación

to rescind
[Verbo]

to officially cancel a law, decision, agreement, etc.

rescindir, anular, derogar

rescindir, anular, derogar

Ex: The company rescinded the controversial policy after receiving significant backlash from employees .
to annex
[Verbo]

to attach a document to another, especially in formal or legal writings

adjuntar, añadir

adjuntar, añadir

Ex: Please remember annex the receipts to your expense report for reimbursement .
remit
[Sustantivo]

the process of sending a legal case from one court to another for review or resolution, often due to jurisdictional or procedural reasons

remisión, traslado

remisión, traslado

Ex: The lawyer argued that remit was crucial for a fair trial , as the current court lacked the appropriate jurisdiction .
ordinance
[Sustantivo]

an official rule or order that is imposed by the law or someone with authority

ordenanza

ordenanza

Ex: Violating ordinance can result in fines or other penalties imposed by the local government .
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