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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 8-9) - Law

Aquí, aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la Ley que son necesarias para el examen académico IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
equity
equity
[Sustantivo]

the quality of being fair and just toward people according to natural law

equidad

equidad

Ex: Students have the right to plead their case and achieve equity if they feel they have been treated unjustly according to the academic code of conduct .

Los estudiantes tienen el derecho de presentar su caso y lograr equidad si sienten que han sido tratados injustamente de acuerdo con el código de conducta académico.

litigant
litigant
[Sustantivo]

(law) a person or party involved in a legal case

litigante

litigante

Ex: The small business owner found himself as a litigant in a contract dispute with a former partner over the terms of their dissolved agreement .

El dueño de la pequeña empresa se encontró como demandado en una disputa contractual con un antiguo socio sobre los términos de su acuerdo disuelto.

punitive damages
punitive damages
[Sustantivo]

an extra financial compensation awarded in a lawsuit to punish the defendant for bad behavior and deter future wrongdoing

daños punitivos, indemnización punitiva

daños punitivos, indemnización punitiva

Ex: The class-action lawsuit sought punitive damages against the pharmaceutical company for unethical marketing practices .

La demanda colectiva buscaba daños punitivos contra la compañía farmacéutica por prácticas de mercadeo poco éticas.

to co-sign
to co-sign
[Verbo]

to sign a document in addition to another person's signature to guarantee a loan or financial obligation

cosignar, firmar conjuntamente

cosignar, firmar conjuntamente

Ex: She co-signed the lease to support her roommate.

Ella cogarantizó el contrato de arrendamiento para apoyar a su compañera de piso.

intestacy
intestacy
[Sustantivo]

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

intestado

intestado

Ex: The family faced complications in settling the deceased 's affairs due to the absence of a will and the application of intestacy laws .

La familia enfrentó complicaciones al resolver los asuntos del fallecido debido a la ausencia de un testamento y la aplicación de las leyes de intestate.

bar
bar
[Sustantivo]

the physical railing or barrier in a courtroom that separates participants from the judge

la barra, la barrera

la barra, la barrera

Ex: The defendant remained behind the bar until called to the stand .

El acusado permaneció detrás de la barra hasta que fue llamado al estrado.

litigator
litigator
[Sustantivo]

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

litigante

litigante

Ex: In the courtroom , the litigator presented persuasive arguments and effectively cross-examined witnesses to support their client 's case .

En la sala del tribunal, el litigante presentó argumentos persuasivos y examinó eficazmente a los testigos para apoyar el caso de su cliente.

magistrate
magistrate
[Sustantivo]

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

juez de paz

juez de paz

Ex: Magistrates play a crucial role in the judicial system , handling a wide range of cases from traffic violations to minor criminal offenses .

Los magistrados desempeñan un papel crucial en el sistema judicial, manejando una amplia gama de casos desde violaciones de tráfico hasta delitos menores.

probable cause
probable cause
[Sustantivo]

the reasonable suspicion that a crime has occurred or will occur

causa probable, motivo razonable

causa probable, motivo razonable

Ex: The court determined that the anonymous tip provided sufficient probable cause for a search warrant .

El tribunal determinó que el consejo anónimo proporcionaba causa probable suficiente para una orden de registro.

barrister
barrister
[Sustantivo]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

abogado

abogado

Ex: As a barrister, he is known for his sharp legal mind and eloquent courtroom presentations .

Como abogado, es conocido por su aguda mente legal y sus elocuentes presentaciones en el tribunal.

injunction
injunction
[Sustantivo]

a legal order from a court that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a specific action

mandamiento judicial, orden judicial

mandamiento judicial, orden judicial

Ex: The singer was granted an injunction against the paparazzi to protect her privacy .

A la cantante se le concedió una orden judicial contra los paparazzi para proteger su privacidad.

affidavit
affidavit
[Sustantivo]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

afidávit

afidávit

Ex: Falsifying information in an affidavit can result in serious legal consequences , including perjury charges .

Falsificar información en un affidávit puede resultar en serias consecuencias legales, incluyendo cargos de perjurio.

deposition
deposition
[Sustantivo]

a recorded testimony given outside of court by a witness or party involved in a legal case, used as evidence in future proceedings

declaración, testimonio grabado

declaración, testimonio grabado

Ex: The witness 's deposition was admitted as evidence during the trial , influencing the judge and jury .

La declaración del testigo fue admitida como prueba durante el juicio, influyendo en el juez y el jurado.

notary
notary
[Sustantivo]

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

notario

notario

Ex: The notary confirmed the identity of the signatories and witnessed the signing of the will in accordance with state law .

El notario confirmó la identidad de los firmantes y presenció la firma del testamento de acuerdo con la ley estatal.

bylaw
bylaw
[Sustantivo]

a set of rules or directives made and maintained by an authority, especially in order to regulate conduct

estatuto

estatuto

adjournment
adjournment
[Sustantivo]

the temporary suspension or postponement of a legal proceeding or meeting

aplazamiento, suspensión temporal

aplazamiento, suspensión temporal

Ex: The attorney requested an adjournment to better prepare for the cross-examination of the witness .

El abogado solicitó un aplazamiento para prepararse mejor para el contrainterrogatorio del testigo.

docket
docket
[Sustantivo]

a list of cases scheduled for a court's consideration, including details such as case numbers, parties involved, and hearing dates

calendario de audiencias, lista de casos

calendario de audiencias, lista de casos

Ex: The court administrator distributed copies of the docket to legal professionals attending the trial .

El administrador del tribunal distribuyó copias del expediente a los profesionales del derecho que asistieron al juicio.

acquittal
acquittal
[Sustantivo]

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

absolución, exculpación

absolución, exculpación

Ex: Following the acquittal, the defendant was released from custody and allowed to resume their normal life .

Tras la absolución, el acusado fue liberado de la custodia y se le permitió reanudar su vida normal.

infraction
infraction
[Sustantivo]

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

infracción

infracción

Ex: The company has a zero-tolerance policy for infractions of its code of conduct , enforcing strict penalties for violations .

La empresa tiene una política de tolerancia cero para las infracciones de su código de conducta, aplicando sanciones estrictas por violaciones.

indictment
indictment
[Sustantivo]

a formal accusation of a crime

acusación

acusación

Ex: Upon receiving the indictment, the defendant was arrested and taken into custody by law enforcement officers .

Tras recibir el acta de acusación, el acusado fue arrestado y puesto bajo custodia por los agentes del orden.

parole
parole
[Sustantivo]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

libertad condicional, libertad bajo palabra

libertad condicional, libertad bajo palabra

Ex: Parole offers offenders the opportunity for rehabilitation and reintegration into society under supervision, with the goal of reducing recidivism.

La libertad condicional ofrece a los delincuentes la oportunidad de rehabilitación y reintegración en la sociedad bajo supervisión, con el objetivo de reducir la reincidencia.

to extradite

to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters

extraditar

extraditar

Ex: The judge ruled that they could not extradite the accused without proper evidence .

El juez dictaminó que no podían extraditar al acusado sin pruebas adecuadas.

to adjudicate

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

arbitrar, juzgar

arbitrar, juzgar

Ex: Last month , the mediator was persistently adjudicating conflicts between the parties .

El mes pasado, el mediador arbitraba persistentemente los conflictos entre las partes.

to infringe

to violate someone's rights or property

infringir, violar

infringir, violar

Ex: The court found the defendant guilty of infringing the patent rights of a competing company .

El tribunal declaró al acusado culpable de infringir los derechos de patente de una empresa competidora.

to annul
to annul
[Verbo]

to invalidate a legal agreement

anular, invalidar

anular, invalidar

Ex: The parties sought to annul the contract after discovering that it had been signed under duress .

Las partes buscaron anular el contrato después de descubrir que había sido firmado bajo coacción.

subpoena
subpoena
[Sustantivo]

a legal document issued by a court or administrative agency, compelling an individual to appear as a witness, produce certain documents, or provide testimony in a legal proceeding

citación

citación

Ex: The court clerk prepared subpoenas for the employees who could provide essential information in the investigation .

El secretario del tribunal preparó subpoenas para los empleados que podrían proporcionar información esencial en la investigación.

to exempt
to exempt
[Verbo]

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

eximir

eximir

Ex: The government may exempt certain charitable organizations from paying income taxes .

El gobierno puede eximir a ciertas organizaciones benéficas de pagar impuestos sobre la renta.

to remand
to remand
[Verbo]

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

remitir

remitir

Ex: The judge 's decision to remand the juvenile offender to a rehabilitation facility was aimed at providing appropriate intervention and support .

La decisión del juez de remitir al delincuente juvenil a un centro de rehabilitación tenía como objetivo proporcionar una intervención y apoyo adecuados.

to abide by

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

cumplir con

cumplir con

Ex: During the court trial , witnesses are required to abide by the judge 's directives .

Durante el juicio, se requiere que los testigos acaten las directrices del juez.

case law
case law
[Sustantivo]

the body of law formed by judicial decisions and precedents established in past court cases, used as a basis for deciding similar issues in subsequent legal proceedings

jurisprudencia, derecho jurisprudencial

jurisprudencia, derecho jurisprudencial

Ex: The court 's decision was influenced by relevant case law that established a precedent in similar situations .

La decisión del tribunal fue influenciada por la jurisprudencia relevante que estableció un precedente en situaciones similares.

bust
bust
[Sustantivo]

a raid or arrest, often resulting from police or law enforcement investigations

una redada, un arresto

una redada, un arresto

Ex: She witnessed the bust from across the street .

Ella presenció la redada desde el otro lado de la calle.

to rescind
to rescind
[Verbo]

to officially cancel a law, decision, agreement, etc.

rescindir, anular, derogar

rescindir, anular, derogar

Ex: The company has rescinded the controversial policy after receiving significant backlash from employees .

La empresa ha revocado la política controvertida después de recibir una importante reacción negativa de los empleados.

to annex
to annex
[Verbo]

to attach a document to another, especially in formal or legal writings

adjuntar, añadir

adjuntar, añadir

Ex: Please remember to annex the receipts to your expense report for reimbursement .

Por favor, recuerde anexar los recibos a su informe de gastos para el reembolso.

remit
remit
[Sustantivo]

the process of sending a legal case from one court to another for review or resolution, often due to jurisdictional or procedural reasons

el reenvío, la remisión

el reenvío, la remisión

Ex: The lawyer argued that a remit was crucial for a fair trial , as the current court lacked the appropriate jurisdiction .

El abogado argumentó que un reenvío era crucial para un juicio justo, ya que el tribunal actual carecía de la jurisdicción adecuada.

ordinance
ordinance
[Sustantivo]

an authoritative or established rule, often issued by a governing body

ordenanza

ordenanza

Ex: Environmental ordinances protect local wildlife .

Las ordenanzas ambientales protegen la vida silvestre local.

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