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Vocabulario para IELTS Academic (Puntuación 8-9) - Ley

Aquí, aprenderás algunas palabras en inglés relacionadas con la Ley que son necesarias para el examen académico IELTS.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
equity
equity
[Sustantivo]

the quality of treating people fairly and justly according to their circumstances

equidad

equidad

Ex: Pay equity remains an important issue in many workplaces. 
litigant
litigant
[Sustantivo]

(law) a person or party involved in a legal case

litigante

litigante

Ex: After the car accident, John became a litigant, seeking compensation for medical expenses and damages caused by the negligent driver. 

Después del accidente automovilístico, John se convirtió en un litigante, buscando compensación por los gastos médicos y los daños causados por el conductor negligente.

punitive damages
punitive damages
[Sustantivo]

an extra financial compensation awarded in a lawsuit to punish the defendant for bad behavior and deter future wrongdoing

daños punitivos, indemnización punitiva

daños punitivos, indemnización punitiva

Ex: The environmental lawsuit resulted in punitive damages against the company for knowingly polluting the water supply. 

La demanda ambiental resultó en daños punitivos contra la empresa por contaminar deliberadamente el suministro de agua.

to co-sign
to co-sign
[Verbo]

to sign a document in addition to another person's signature to guarantee a loan or financial obligation

cosignar, firmar conjuntamente

cosignar, firmar conjuntamente

Ex: He co-signed the mortgage to help his brother buy a house. 
intestacy
intestacy
[Sustantivo]

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

intestado

intestado

Ex: Without a will, the laws of intestacy dictate how the estate will be divided among the surviving family members. 

Sin un testamento, las leyes de intestatez dictan cómo se dividirá la herencia entre los miembros sobrevivientes de la familia.

bar
bar
[Sustantivo]

the physical railing or barrier in a courtroom that separates participants from the judge

la barra, la barrera

la barra, la barrera

Ex: The attorney approached the bar to present evidence during the trial. 
litigator
litigator
[Sustantivo]

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

litigante

litigante

Ex: Becoming a litigator requires not only legal expertise but also strong advocacy and negotiation skills. 

Convertirse en un litigante requiere no solo experiencia legal, sino también fuertes habilidades de defensa y negociación.

magistrate
magistrate
[Sustantivo]

a judicial official who deals with less serious criminal cases or preliminary legal matters

juez de paz

juez de paz

Ex: The magistrate granted bail until the next hearing. 
probable cause
probable cause
[Sustantivo]

the reasonable suspicion that a crime has occurred or will occur

causa probable, motivo razonable

causa probable, motivo razonable

Ex: The arresting officer had probable cause to detain the suspect after witnessing a crime in progress. 

El oficial que realizó el arresto tenía causa probable para detener al sospechoso después de presenciar un crimen en progreso.

barrister
barrister
[Sustantivo]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

abogado

abogado

Ex: After completing law school and passing the bar exam, she began her career as a barrister, specializing in criminal law. 

Después de completar la facultad de derecho y aprobar el examen de la abogacía, comenzó su carrera como abogado litigante, especializándose en derecho penal.

injunction
injunction
[Sustantivo]

a legal order from a court that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a specific action

mandamiento judicial, orden judicial

mandamiento judicial, orden judicial

Ex: The court issued an injunction preventing the company from using the disputed trademark. 
affidavit
affidavit
[Sustantivo]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

afidávit

afidávit

Ex: Before submitting the document to the court, the attorney carefully reviewed the affidavit to ensure its accuracy and completeness. 

Antes de presentar el documento ante el tribunal, el abogado revisó cuidadosamente el affidavit para garantizar su precisión e integridad.

deposition
deposition
[Sustantivo]

a recorded testimony given outside of court by a witness or party involved in a legal case, used as evidence in future proceedings

declaración, testimonio grabado

declaración, testimonio grabado

Ex: The expert witness provided a detailed deposition outlining their professional opinion on the matter. 

El testigo experto proporcionó una declaración detallada que describía su opinión profesional sobre el asunto.

notary
notary
[Sustantivo]

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

notario

notario

Ex: Notaries play a crucial role in verifying the authenticity of signatures and ensuring the legality of documents. 

Los notarios desempeñan un papel crucial en la verificación de la autenticidad de las firmas y en garantizar la legalidad de los documentos.

bylaw
bylaw
[Sustantivo]

a set of rules or directives made and maintained by an authority, especially in order to regulate conduct

estatuto

estatuto

adjournment
adjournment
[Sustantivo]

the temporary suspension or postponement of a legal proceeding or meeting

aplazamiento, suspensión temporal

aplazamiento, suspensión temporal

Ex: The court granted an adjournment to accommodate the scheduling conflicts of key witnesses. 

El tribunal concedió un aplazamiento para acomodar los conflictos de programación de los testigos clave.

docket
docket
[Sustantivo]

a list of cases scheduled for a court's consideration, including details such as case numbers, parties involved, and hearing dates

calendario de audiencias, lista de casos

calendario de audiencias, lista de casos

Ex: The parties involved in the lawsuit were informed of their hearing date through the official docket. 

Las partes involucradas en la demanda fueron informadas de su fecha de audiencia a través del expediente oficial.

acquittal
acquittal
[Sustantivo]

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

absolución, exculpación

absolución, exculpación

Ex: The defense attorney argued persuasively, leading to the acquittal of their client despite the prosecution's case. 

El abogado defensor argumentó de manera persuasiva, lo que llevó a la absolución de su cliente a pesar del caso de la fiscalía.

infraction
infraction
[Sustantivo]

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

infracción

infracción

Ex: Students caught cheating on exams face consequences ranging from a warning to expulsion, depending on the severity of the infraction. 

Los estudiantes sorprendidos haciendo trampa en los exámenes enfrentan consecuencias que van desde una advertencia hasta la expulsión, dependiendo de la gravedad de la infracción.

indictment
indictment
[Sustantivo]

a formal accusation of a crime

acusación

acusación

Ex: The grand jury handed down an indictment, charging the suspect with multiple counts of fraud. 

El gran jurado emitió un indictamento, acusando al sospechoso de múltiples cargos de fraude.

parole
parole
[Sustantivo]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

libertad condicional, libertad bajo palabra

libertad condicional, libertad bajo palabra

Ex: While on parole, individuals must comply with strict rules and regulations, including regular check-ins with a parole officer. 

Mientras están en libertad condicional, los individuos deben cumplir con reglas y regulaciones estrictas, incluyendo registros regulares con un oficial de libertad condicional.

to extradite

to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters

extraditar

extraditar

Ex: The suspect evaded arrest for years but was finally extradited to the country where the crime occurred. 

El sospechoso evitó el arresto durante años pero finalmente fue extraditado al país donde ocurrió el crimen.

to adjudicate

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

arbitrar, juzgar

arbitrar, juzgar

Ex: The court will adjudicate the divorce proceedings and decide on matters of custody and assets. 

El tribunal adjudicará los procedimientos de divorcio y decidirá sobre cuestiones de custodia y bienes.

to infringe

to violate someone's rights or property

infringir, violar

infringir, violar

Ex: Posting copyrighted material online without permission can infringe intellectual property rights. 

Publicar material con derechos de autor en línea sin permiso puede infringir los derechos de propiedad intelectual.

to annul
to annul
[Verbo]

to invalidate a legal agreement

anular, invalidar

anular, invalidar

Ex: The company sought to annul the agreement, arguing that the terms were misrepresented during the negotiation process. 

La empresa buscó anular el acuerdo, argumentando que los términos fueron tergiversados durante el proceso de negociación.

subpoena
subpoena
[Sustantivo]

a legal document issued by a court or administrative agency, compelling an individual to appear as a witness, produce certain documents, or provide testimony in a legal proceeding

citación

citación

Ex: The prosecutor used a subpoena to secure the attendance of the expert witness in the upcoming trial. 

El fiscal utilizó un citatorio para asegurar la asistencia del testigo experto en el próximo juicio.

to exempt
to exempt
[Verbo]

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

eximir

eximir

Ex: The law provides provisions to exempt certain religious practices from certain regulations. 
to remand
to remand
[Verbo]

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

remitir

remitir

Ex: The Supreme Court remanded the case to the lower court, citing errors in the original trial proceedings. 

El Tribunal Supremo devolvió el caso al tribunal inferior, citando errores en los procedimientos del juicio original.

to abide by

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

cumplir con

cumplir con

Ex: Children should learn to abide by their parents' guidance and rules. 

Los niños deberían aprender a acatar las orientaciones y reglas de sus padres.

case law
case law
[Sustantivo]

the body of law formed by judicial decisions and precedents established in past court cases, used as a basis for deciding similar issues in subsequent legal proceedings

jurisprudencia, derecho jurisprudencial

jurisprudencia, derecho jurisprudencial

Ex: The attorney presented a comprehensive brief, citing relevant case law to bolster the client's position. 

El abogado presentó un informe exhaustivo, citando la jurisprudencia relevante para reforzar la posición de su cliente.

bust
bust
[Sustantivo]

a raid or arrest, often resulting from police or law enforcement investigations

una redada, un arresto

una redada, un arresto

Ex: He got caught in a major bust downtown. 

Fue atrapado en una redada importante en el centro.

to rescind
to rescind
[Verbo]

to officially cancel a law, decision, agreement, etc.

rescindir, anular, derogar

rescindir, anular, derogar

Ex: The committee will be rescinding the outdated guidelines during their meeting next week. 

El comité revocará las directrices obsoletas durante su reunión la próxima semana.

to annex
to annex
[Verbo]

to attach a document to another, especially in formal or legal writings

adjuntar, añadir

adjuntar, añadir

Ex: In the contract, they decided to annex the updated terms and conditions. 

En el contrato, decidieron anexar los términos y condiciones actualizados.

remit
remit
[Sustantivo]

the process of sending a legal case from one court to another for review or resolution, often due to jurisdictional or procedural reasons

el reenvío, la remisión

el reenvío, la remisión

Ex: The legal team successfully argued for the remit of the harsh sentence, citing mitigating circumstances that warranted a more lenient punishment. 

El equipo legal argumentó con éxito a favor del reenvío de la dura sentencia, citando circunstancias atenuantes que justificaban un castigo más indulgente.

ordinance
ordinance
[Sustantivo]

an authoritative or established rule, often issued by a governing body

ordenanza

ordenanza

Ex: Local ordinances vary from one municipality to another. 

Las ordenanzas locales varían de un municipio a otro.

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