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an extra financial compensation awarded in a lawsuit to punish the defendant for bad behavior and deter future wrongdoing
懲罰的損害賠償, 懲罰的賠償金
to sign a document or agreement jointly with another person, taking equal responsibility for fulfilling its terms
共同署名する, 共同で署名する
the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will
遺言の不在, 遺言なし
the physical railing or barrier in a courtroom that separates participants from the judge
バリア, 法廷の仕切り
a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law
訴訟弁護士, 訴訟専門の弁護士
a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses
治安判事, 裁判官
the reasonable suspicion that a crime has occurred or will occur
おおよその原因, 合理的な疑い
a legal professional who is qualified and licensed to advocate on the behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts, primarily in Britain
弁護士, 法律家
a legal order from a court that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a specific action
差し止め命令, 命令書
a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court
宣誓供述書, アフィダビット
a recorded testimony given outside of court by a witness or party involved in a legal case, used as evidence in future proceedings
陳述, 証言
an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable
公証人
a set of rules or directives made and maintained by an authority, especially in order to regulate conduct
定款, 規則
the temporary suspension or postponement of a legal proceeding or meeting
中断, 延期
a list of cases scheduled for a court's consideration, including details such as case numbers, parties involved, and hearing dates
事件リスト, 法廷スケジュール
an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with
無罪判決
(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct
仮出所, 保護観察
to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters
引き渡す, 送還する
to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute
裁定する, 判決する
a legal document issued by a court or administrative agency, compelling an individual to appear as a witness, produce certain documents, or provide testimony in a legal proceeding
召喚状, 証人出廷命令
to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review
差し戻す, 再審を求める
to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority
従う, 遵守する
the body of law formed by judicial decisions and precedents established in past court cases, used as a basis for deciding similar issues in subsequent legal proceedings
判例法, ケース法
a raid or arrest, often resulting from police or law enforcement investigations
家宅捜索, 逮捕
to attach a document to another, especially in formal or legal writings
添付する, 同封する
the process of sending a legal case from one court to another for review or resolution, often due to jurisdictional or procedural reasons
移送, 譲渡
an official rule or order that is imposed by the law or someone with authority
条例, 規則
