مفردات لاختبار IELTS Academic (الدرجة 8-9) - Law

the quality of being fair and just toward people according to natural law

(law) a person or party involved in a legal case

an extra financial compensation awarded in a lawsuit to punish the defendant for bad behavior and deter future wrongdoing

to sign a document in addition to another person's signature to guarantee a loan or financial obligation

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

the physical railing or barrier in a courtroom that separates participants from the judge

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

the reasonable suspicion that a crime has occurred or will occur

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

a legal order from a court that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a specific action

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

a recorded testimony given outside of court by a witness or party involved in a legal case, used as evidence in future proceedings

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

a set of rules or directives made and maintained by an authority, especially in order to regulate conduct

the temporary suspension or postponement of a legal proceeding or meeting

a list of cases scheduled for a court's consideration, including details such as case numbers, parties involved, and hearing dates

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

a formal accusation of a crime

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

to violate someone's rights or property

to invalidate a legal agreement

a legal document issued by a court or administrative agency, compelling an individual to appear as a witness, produce certain documents, or provide testimony in a legal proceeding

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

the body of law formed by judicial decisions and precedents established in past court cases, used as a basis for deciding similar issues in subsequent legal proceedings

a raid or arrest, often resulting from police or law enforcement investigations

to officially cancel a law, decision, agreement, etc.

to attach a document to another, especially in formal or legal writings

the process of sending a legal case from one court to another for review or resolution, often due to jurisdictional or procedural reasons

an authoritative or established rule, often issued by a governing body