Akademický IELTS (Pásmo 8 a Výše) - Law

the quality of being fair and just toward people according to natural law

rovnost

(law) a person or party involved in a legal case

účastník řízení, žalobce

an extra financial compensation awarded in a lawsuit to punish the defendant for bad behavior and deter future wrongdoing

punitivní škody, penále

to sign a document or agreement jointly with another person, taking equal responsibility for fulfilling its terms

spolupodpisovat, podpisovat společně

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

intestátní dědictví, absence závěti

the physical railing or barrier in a courtroom that separates participants from the judge

bar, lavice

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

litigátor, advokát v sporových řízeních

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

magistrát, soudce

the reasonable suspicion that a crime has occurred or will occur

pravděpodobná příčina, rozumný důvod

a legal professional who is qualified and licensed to advocate on the behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts, primarily in Britain

advokát, právník

a legal order from a court that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a specific action

předběžné opatření, soudní příkaz

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

affidavit, svědecká výpověď

a recorded testimony given outside of court by a witness or party involved in a legal case, used as evidence in future proceedings

depozice, výpověď

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

notář

a set of rules or directives made and maintained by an authority, especially in order to regulate conduct

vyhláška, pravidlo

the temporary suspension or postponement of a legal proceeding or meeting

přerušení, odložení

a list of cases scheduled for a court's consideration, including details such as case numbers, parties involved, and hearing dates

seznam případů, dokument

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

osvobození

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

porušení, přestupek

a formal accusation of a crime

obžaloba, obvinění

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

podmíněné propuštění, podmínka

to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters

extradovat, vydat

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

rozhodnout, soudit

to violate someone's rights or property

narušit, porušit

to invalidate a legal agreement

anulovat, neplatným učinit

a legal document issued by a court or administrative agency, compelling an individual to appear as a witness, produce certain documents, or provide testimony in a legal proceeding

předvolání, soudní předvolání

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

osvobodit, výjimku

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

vrátit, poslat zpět

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

dodržovat, podléhat

the body of law formed by judicial decisions and precedents established in past court cases, used as a basis for deciding similar issues in subsequent legal proceedings

soudní judikatura, jurisprudence

a raid or arrest, often resulting from police or law enforcement investigations

zátah, razzia

to officially cancel a law, decision, agreement, etc.

zrušit, anulovat

to attach a document to another, especially in formal or legal writings

připojit, přiložit

the process of sending a legal case from one court to another for review or resolution, often due to jurisdictional or procedural reasons

přenesení, předání

an official rule or order that is imposed by the law or someone with authority

nařízení, výnos