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Bokabularyo para sa IELTS Academic (Score 8-9) - Law

Dito, matututunan mo ang ilang mga salitang Ingles na may kaugnayan sa Batas na kinakailangan para sa Academic IELTS exam.

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Vocabulary for Academic IELTS (8)
equity
[Pangngalan]

the quality of being fair and just toward people according to natural law

pagkakapantay-pantay

pagkakapantay-pantay

Ex: Students have the right to plead their case and achieve equity if they feel they have been treated unjustly according to the academic code of conduct .Ang mga mag-aaral ay may karapatang ipaglaban ang kanilang kaso at makamit ang **pagkakapantay-pantay** kung sa palagay nila ay hindi sila patas na trinato ayon sa akademikong kodigo ng pag-uugali.
litigant
[Pangngalan]

(law) a person or party involved in a legal case

naglilitig, partido sa kaso

naglilitig, partido sa kaso

Ex: The small business owner found himself as a litigant in a contract dispute with a former partner over the terms of their dissolved agreement .Ang may-ari ng maliit na negosyo ay nakitang isang **litigant** sa isang kontraktwal na alitan sa isang dating kasosyo tungkol sa mga tadhana ng kanilang binuwag na kasunduan.
punitive damages
[Pangngalan]

an extra financial compensation awarded in a lawsuit to punish the defendant for bad behavior and deter future wrongdoing

parusang bayad-pinsala, pandurusang bayad-pinsala

parusang bayad-pinsala, pandurusang bayad-pinsala

Ex: The class-action lawsuit sought punitive damages against the pharmaceutical company for unethical marketing practices .Ang class-action lawsuit ay humingi ng **punitive damages** laban sa pharmaceutical company para sa hindi etikal na mga gawi sa marketing.
to co-sign
[Pandiwa]

to sign a document or agreement jointly with another person, taking equal responsibility for fulfilling its terms

magkasamang pumirma, pumirma nang magkasama

magkasamang pumirma, pumirma nang magkasama

Ex: To help his friend secure the car loan, he agreed to co-sign the financing agreement, making him equally liable for the payments.Upang matulungan ang kanyang kaibigan na makakuha ng car loan, pumayag siyang **co-sign** ang financing agreement, na ginagawa siyang pantay na responsable sa mga bayad.
intestacy
[Pangngalan]

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

kamatay nang walang testamento, intestacy

kamatay nang walang testamento, intestacy

Ex: The family faced complications in settling the deceased 's affairs due to the absence of a will and the application of intestacy laws .Ang pamilya ay nakaranas ng mga komplikasyon sa pag-aayos ng mga gawain ng namatay dahil sa kawalan ng isang testamento at ang aplikasyon ng mga batas sa **intestacy**.
bar
[Pangngalan]

the physical railing or barrier in a courtroom that separates participants from the judge

barandilya, hadlang

barandilya, hadlang

Ex: The defendant remained behind the bar until called to the stand .Ang nasasakdal ay nanatili sa likod ng **bar** hanggang sa tawagin sa stand.
litigator
[Pangngalan]

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

litigator, abogadong dalubhasa sa paglilitis

litigator, abogadong dalubhasa sa paglilitis

Ex: In the courtroom , the litigator presented persuasive arguments and effectively cross-examined witnesses to support their client 's case .Sa loob ng husgado, ang **manananggol** ay nagharap ng nakakahimok na mga argumento at mabisang nag-cross-examine sa mga saksi upang suportahan ang kaso ng kanyang kliyente.
magistrate
[Pangngalan]

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

mahistrado, hukom

mahistrado, hukom

Ex: Magistrates play a crucial role in the judicial system , handling a wide range of cases from traffic violations to minor criminal offenses .Ang mga **magistrado** ay may mahalagang papel sa sistemang panghukuman, na humahawak ng malawak na saklaw ng mga kaso mula sa mga paglabag sa trapiko hanggang sa maliliit na kriminal na pagkakasala.
probable cause
[Pangngalan]

the reasonable suspicion that a crime has occurred or will occur

malamang na dahilan, makatwirang hinala

malamang na dahilan, makatwirang hinala

Ex: The court determined that the anonymous tip provided sufficient probable cause for a search warrant .Nagpasiya ang hukuman na ang anonymous tip ay nagbigay ng sapat na **probable cause** para sa isang search warrant.
barrister
[Pangngalan]

a legal professional qualified and licensed to advocate on behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts

Ex: As a barrister, he is known for his sharp legal mind and eloquent courtroom presentations .
injunction
[Pangngalan]

a legal order from a court that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a specific action

utos ng hukuman, injunction

utos ng hukuman, injunction

Ex: The singer was granted an injunction against the paparazzi to protect her privacy .Ang mang-aawit ay binigyan ng **injunction** laban sa paparazzi upang protektahan ang kanyang privacy.
affidavit
[Pangngalan]

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

sinumpaang pahayag, affidavit

sinumpaang pahayag, affidavit

Ex: Falsifying information in an affidavit can result in serious legal consequences , including perjury charges .Ang pagpeke ng impormasyon sa isang **affidavit** ay maaaring magresulta sa malubhang legal na kahihinatnan, kabilang ang mga singil sa pagsisinungaling sa ilalim ng panunumpa.
deposition
[Pangngalan]

a recorded testimony given outside of court by a witness or party involved in a legal case, used as evidence in future proceedings

pahayag, naitalang patotoo

pahayag, naitalang patotoo

Ex: The witness 's deposition was admitted as evidence during the trial , influencing the judge and jury .Ang **pahayag** ng saksi ay tinanggap bilang ebidensya sa panahon ng paglilitis, na nakaimpluwensya sa hukom at hurado.
notary
[Pangngalan]

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

notaryo, pampublikong opisyal

notaryo, pampublikong opisyal

Ex: The notary confirmed the identity of the signatories and witnessed the signing of the will in accordance with state law .Kinumpirma ng **notaryo** ang pagkakakilanlan ng mga lumagda at naging saksi sa pagpirma ng testamento alinsunod sa batas ng estado.
bylaw
[Pangngalan]

a set of rules or directives made and maintained by an authority, especially in order to regulate conduct

batas, ordinansa

batas, ordinansa

adjournment
[Pangngalan]

the temporary suspension or postponement of a legal proceeding or meeting

pagpapaliban, pansamantalang paghinto

pagpapaliban, pansamantalang paghinto

Ex: The attorney requested an adjournment to better prepare for the cross-examination of the witness .Hiniling ng abogado ang isang **pagpapaliban** upang mas mahusay na maghanda para sa cross-examination ng testigo.
docket
[Pangngalan]

a list of cases scheduled for a court's consideration, including details such as case numbers, parties involved, and hearing dates

talaan ng mga kaso, iskedyul ng pagdinig

talaan ng mga kaso, iskedyul ng pagdinig

Ex: The court administrator distributed copies of the docket to legal professionals attending the trial .Ang administrador ng hukuman ay namahagi ng mga kopya ng **docket** sa mga propesyonal sa batas na dumalo sa paglilitis.
acquittal
[Pangngalan]

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

pagpapawalang-sala, absolusyon

pagpapawalang-sala, absolusyon

Ex: Following the acquittal, the defendant was released from custody and allowed to resume their normal life .Kasunod ng **pagpawalang-sala**, ang nasasakdal ay pinalaya mula sa pagkakakulong at pinayagang ipagpatuloy ang kanyang normal na buhay.
infraction
[Pangngalan]

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

paglabag,  kasalanan

paglabag, kasalanan

Ex: The company has a zero-tolerance policy for infractions of its code of conduct , enforcing strict penalties for violations .Ang kumpanya ay may patakaran ng zero-tolerance para sa mga **paglabag** sa code of conduct nito, na nagpapatupad ng mahigpit na parusa para sa mga paglabag.
indictment
[Pangngalan]

a formal accusation of a crime

paratang, akusasyon

paratang, akusasyon

Ex: Upon receiving the indictment, the defendant was arrested and taken into custody by law enforcement officers .Pagkatanggap ng **sakdal**, ang akusado ay inaresto at dinala sa pagkakakulong ng mga opisyal ng pagpapatupad ng batas.
parole
[Pangngalan]

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

parole

parole

Ex: Parole offers offenders the opportunity for rehabilitation and reintegration into society under supervision, with the goal of reducing recidivism.Ang **parole** ay nagbibigay sa mga nagkasala ng oportunidad para sa rehabilitasyon at muling pagsasama sa lipunan sa ilalim ng pangangasiwa, na may layuning bawasan ang muling pagkasala.
to extradite
[Pandiwa]

to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters

ipatapon, ibalik

ipatapon, ibalik

Ex: The judge ruled that they could not extradite the accused without proper evidence .Nagpasiya ang hukom na hindi nila maaaring **ma-extradite** ang akusado nang walang wastong ebidensya.
to adjudicate
[Pandiwa]

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

magpasya, humusga

magpasya, humusga

Ex: Last month , the mediator was persistently adjudicating conflicts between the parties .Noong nakaraang buwan, ang tagapamagitan ay patuloy na **naghuhusga** sa mga hidwaan sa pagitan ng mga partido.
to infringe
[Pandiwa]

to violate someone's rights or property

lumabag, sumuway

lumabag, sumuway

Ex: The court found the defendant guilty of infringing the patent rights of a competing company .Natagpuang nagkasala ng **paglabag** sa mga karapatan sa patent ng isang kumpetisyon ang nasasakdal ng korte.
to annul
[Pandiwa]

to invalidate a legal agreement

pawalang-bisa, kanselahin

pawalang-bisa, kanselahin

Ex: The parties sought to annul the contract after discovering that it had been signed under duress .Ang mga partido ay naghangad na **pawalang-bisa** ang kontrata matapos malaman na ito ay nilagdaan sa ilalim ng pamimilit.
subpoena
[Pangngalan]

a legal document issued by a court or administrative agency, compelling an individual to appear as a witness, produce certain documents, or provide testimony in a legal proceeding

subpoena, patawag sa hukuman

subpoena, patawag sa hukuman

Ex: The court clerk prepared subpoenas for the employees who could provide essential information in the investigation .Ang clerk ng korte ay naghanda ng **subpoena** para sa mga empleyado na maaaring magbigay ng mahalagang impormasyon sa imbestigasyon.
to exempt
[Pandiwa]

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

pawalang-bisa, hindi isama

pawalang-bisa, hindi isama

Ex: The government may exempt certain charitable organizations from paying income taxes .Maaaring **hindi patawan** ng pamahalaan ang ilang mga organisasyong pang-charity ng buwis sa kita.
to remand
[Pandiwa]

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

ibalik, ipadala ulit

ibalik, ipadala ulit

Ex: The judge 's decision to remand the juvenile offender to a rehabilitation facility was aimed at providing appropriate intervention and support .Ang desisyon ng hukom na **ibalik** ang batang nagkasala sa isang pasilidad ng rehabilitasyon ay naglalayong magbigay ng naaangkop na interbensyon at suporta.
to abide by
[Pandiwa]

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

sumunod sa, tumalima sa

sumunod sa, tumalima sa

Ex: During the court trial , witnesses are required to abide by the judge 's directives .Sa panahon ng paglilitis sa korte, ang mga saksi ay kinakailangang **sumunod** sa mga direktiba ng hukom.
case law
[Pangngalan]

the body of law formed by judicial decisions and precedents established in past court cases, used as a basis for deciding similar issues in subsequent legal proceedings

batas ng kaso, jurisprudensya

batas ng kaso, jurisprudensya

Ex: The court 's decision was influenced by relevant case law that established a precedent in similar situations .Ang desisyon ng korte ay naiimpluwensyahan ng nauugnay na **case law** na nagtatag ng isang precedent sa mga katulad na sitwasyon.
bust
[Pangngalan]

a raid or arrest, often resulting from police or law enforcement investigations

isang raid, isang pag-aresto

isang raid, isang pag-aresto

to rescind
[Pandiwa]

to officially cancel a law, decision, agreement, etc.

bawiin, kanselahin

bawiin, kanselahin

Ex: The company has rescinded the controversial policy after receiving significant backlash from employees .Ang kumpanya ay **nagbawi** sa kontrobersyal na patakaran matapos makatanggap ng malaking backlash mula sa mga empleyado.
to annex
[Pandiwa]

to attach a document to another, especially in formal or legal writings

maglakip, idugtong

maglakip, idugtong

Ex: Please remember to annex the receipts to your expense report for reimbursement .Mangyaring tandaan na **isama** ang mga resibo sa iyong ulat ng gastos para sa reimbursement.
remit
[Pangngalan]

the process of sending a legal case from one court to another for review or resolution, often due to jurisdictional or procedural reasons

pagpapadala, pagpasa

pagpapadala, pagpasa

Ex: The lawyer argued that a remit was crucial for a fair trial , as the current court lacked the appropriate jurisdiction .Ipinagtanggol ng abogado na ang isang **pagpapadala** ay mahalaga para sa isang patas na paglilitis, dahil ang kasalukuyang hukuman ay walang angkop na hurisdiksyon.
ordinance
[Pangngalan]

an official rule or order that is imposed by the law or someone with authority

ordinansa, kautusan

ordinansa, kautusan

Ex: Violating an ordinance can result in fines or other penalties imposed by the local government .Ang paglabag sa isang **ordinansa** ay maaaring magresulta sa mga multa o iba pang parusa na ipinataw ng lokal na pamahalaan.
Bokabularyo para sa IELTS Academic (Score 8-9)
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