Akademikong IELTS (Band 8 Pataas) - Law

the quality of being fair and just toward people according to natural law

katarungan

(law) a person or party involved in a legal case

litigante, nagdadala ng kaso

an extra financial compensation awarded in a lawsuit to punish the defendant for bad behavior and deter future wrongdoing

pabuya ng pinsala, pangparusang pinsala

to sign a document or agreement jointly with another person, taking equal responsibility for fulfilling its terms

magkasamang pumirma, pumirma nang magkasama

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

walang testamento, kakulangan sa testamento

the physical railing or barrier in a courtroom that separates participants from the judge

ang hadlang, ang bar

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

litigator, abogado sa kaso

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

magistrado, hukom

the reasonable suspicion that a crime has occurred or will occur

malamang na sanhi, makatuwirang dahilan

a legal professional who is qualified and licensed to advocate on the behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts, primarily in Britain

abogado, tagapayo sa batas

a legal order from a court that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a specific action

pansamantalang utos, hukuman

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

pahayag na ipinagkakatiwala, affidavit

a recorded testimony given outside of court by a witness or party involved in a legal case, used as evidence in future proceedings

deposisyon, patotoo

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

notaryo

a set of rules or directives made and maintained by an authority, especially in order to regulate conduct

batas, alituntunin

the temporary suspension or postponement of a legal proceeding or meeting

pansamantalang pagsususpinde, pagtigil

a list of cases scheduled for a court's consideration, including details such as case numbers, parties involved, and hearing dates

listahan ng kaso, rehistro ng mga kaso

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

pagpapawalang-sala

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

paglabag, pagsuway

a formal accusation of a crime

pagsasakdal, pagsasakdal na opisyal

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

pagsubok na paglaya, kalayaan sa ilalim ng mga kondisyon

to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters

ibalik, ipasa

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

hatulan, magpasya

to violate someone's rights or property

labagin, lumabag

to invalidate a legal agreement

bawiin, pawalang bisa

a legal document issued by a court or administrative agency, compelling an individual to appear as a witness, produce certain documents, or provide testimony in a legal proceeding

subpoena, pamamahala sa korte

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

pagtanggal, pagpapa-exempt

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

ibalik, ipasa muli

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

sumunod sa, sundin ang

the body of law formed by judicial decisions and precedents established in past court cases, used as a basis for deciding similar issues in subsequent legal proceedings

batas ng kaso, batas ng hukuman

a raid or arrest, often resulting from police or law enforcement investigations

salakay, pagsalakay

to officially cancel a law, decision, agreement, etc.

bawiin, balewalain

to attach a document to another, especially in formal or legal writings

idagdag, ilakip

the process of sending a legal case from one court to another for review or resolution, often due to jurisdictional or procedural reasons

paglilipat, pagbibigay

an official rule or order that is imposed by the law or someone with authority

ordinansa, batas