آیلتس آکادمیک (باند 8 و بالاتر) - قانون

the quality of being fair and just toward people according to natural law

عدالت

(law) a person or party involved in a legal case

طرف دعوا

an extra financial compensation awarded in a lawsuit to punish the defendant for bad behavior and deter future wrongdoing

خسارات تنبیهی

to sign a document or agreement jointly with another person, taking equal responsibility for fulfilling its terms

به‌طور مشترک امضا کردن

the condition of dying without a valid will, leaving the distribution of one's estate to be determined by the laws of intestate succession rather than specific instructions in a will

بی‌وصیت‌بودن

the physical railing or barrier in a courtroom that separates participants from the judge

نرده‌های دادگاه که جایگاه قاضی و متهم را از هم جدا می‌کنند

a lawyer who specializes in bringing a lawsuit against people or organizations in a court of law

وکیل دادگستری

a person who acts as a judge in a law court and deals with minor offenses

دادرس

the reasonable suspicion that a crime has occurred or will occur

علت احتمالی

a legal professional who is qualified and licensed to advocate on the behalf of clients in both lower and higher courts, primarily in Britain

وکیل دادگستری

a legal order from a court that requires a party to do or refrain from doing a specific action

دستور قضایی

a written statement affirmed by oath that can be used as evidence in court

سوگندنامه

a recorded testimony given outside of court by a witness or party involved in a legal case, used as evidence in future proceedings

گواهی

an official authorized to conduct particular legal formalities, especially to make documents legally acceptable

سردفتر اسناد رسمی

a set of rules or directives made and maintained by an authority, especially in order to regulate conduct

آیین‌نامه

the temporary suspension or postponement of a legal proceeding or meeting

تعویق

a list of cases scheduled for a court's consideration, including details such as case numbers, parties involved, and hearing dates

خلاصه رسمی دادرسی در دادگاه حقوقی

an official judgment in court of law that declares someone not guilty of the crime they were charged with

تبرئه

the act of breaking or not obeying a law, agreement, etc.

تخلف

a formal accusation of a crime

اتهام

(law) the permission for a prisoner to leave prison before the end of their imprisonment sentence, on the condition of good conduct

عفو مشروط

to send someone accused of a crime to the place where the crime happened or where they are wanted for legal matters

استرداد

to make a formal decision or judgment about who is right in an argument or dispute

دعوی را استماع و قضاوت کردن

to violate someone's rights or property

نقض کردن

to invalidate a legal agreement

فسخ کردن

a legal document issued by a court or administrative agency, compelling an individual to appear as a witness, produce certain documents, or provide testimony in a legal proceeding

احضاریه

to officially excuse someone from a requirement or obligation

معاف کردن

to send a case back to a court of lower authority for additional reconsideration or review

تعویض دادرسی کیفری کردن

to follow the rules, commands, or wishes of someone, showing compliance to their authority

اطاعت کردن

the body of law formed by judicial decisions and precedents established in past court cases, used as a basis for deciding similar issues in subsequent legal proceedings

رویه قضایی

a raid or arrest, often resulting from police or law enforcement investigations

مجسمه نیم تنه

to officially cancel a law, decision, agreement, etc.

باطل کردن

to attach a document to another, especially in formal or legal writings

ضمیمه کردن

the process of sending a legal case from one court to another for review or resolution, often due to jurisdictional or procedural reasons

ارسال پرونده حقوقی از یک دادگاه به دادگاه دیگر

an official rule or order that is imposed by the law or someone with authority

حکم