Prépositions - Prépositions de quantité et relations mathématiques

Ces prépositions spécifient des quantités ou clarifient des fonctions mathématiques dans les phrases.

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Prépositions
by [préposition]

used to indicate the extent or dimensions of a margin

اجرا کردن

par

Ex: He won the race by a large margin .

Il a gagné la course par une large marge.

of [préposition]

used to express a specific amount, age, value, etc.

اجرا کردن

de

Ex: He needs five meters of fabric to make the curtain .

Il a besoin de cinq mètres de tissu pour faire le rideau.

in excess of [préposition]

used to indicate a quantity or amount that surpasses a specified limit

اجرا کردن

au-delà de

Ex: The cost of the project is estimated to be in excess of $ 1 million .

Le coût du projet est estimé à plus de 1 million de dollars.

below [préposition]

less than a specified quantity, measurement, or standard

اجرا کردن

en dessous de

Ex: Her savings fell below the required amount .

Ses économies sont tombées en dessous du montant requis.

near [préposition]

used to indicate a proximate or close amount

اجرا کردن

près de

Ex: The population of the city is near 1 million people .

La population de la ville est près de 1 million de personnes.

close to [préposition]

(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct

اجرا کردن

près de

Ex: He has close to a hundred books in his collection .

Il a près de cent livres dans sa collection.

less [préposition]

used to indicate subtraction or the exclusion of something from a total or whole

اجرا کردن

moins

Ex: He earned $ 5000 less tax and insurance .

Il a gagné 5000 $ moins les impôts et les assurances.

on [préposition]

used to indicate an increase or addition to a particular quantity, amount, or measurement

اجرا کردن

sur

Ex: They tacked a service fee on the bill .

Ils ont ajouté des frais de service sur la facture.

in addition to [préposition]

used to add extra or supplementary information

اجرا کردن

en plus de

Ex: In addition to his degree in engineering , he also has a diploma in music .

En plus de son diplôme en ingénierie, il a également un diplôme en musique.

beside [préposition]

used to convey the idea of something being in addition to or accompanying the main thing mentioned

اجرا کردن

à côté de

Ex: Beside his academic achievements , he also excels in sports .

Outre ses réalisations académiques, il excelle également dans les sports.

as well as [préposition]

used to introduce another item or person that is included in the same category or group as the previous one

اجرا کردن

ainsi que

Ex: He plays the guitar as well as the piano .

Il joue de la guitare ainsi que du piano.

on top of [préposition]

denoting the inclusion of something extra alongside existing tasks, responsibilities, or obligations

اجرا کردن

en plus de

Ex: On top of her full-time job , she is also pursuing a master 's degree .

En plus de son travail à temps plein, elle poursuit également un master.

over and above [préposition]

beyond what is expected, required, or usual

اجرا کردن

au-delà de

Ex: He went over and above his duties to help the customers .

Il est allé au-delà de ses devoirs pour aider les clients.

by [préposition]

used in mathematical operations to show multiplication or division

اجرا کردن

par

Ex: Multiply 4 by 5 to get the result .

Multipliez 4 par 5 pour obtenir le résultat.

plus [préposition]

used to show that a number, quantity, or amount is added to another or combined with it

اجرا کردن

used to show that a number, quantity, or amount is added to another or combined with it

Ex: Hours worked plus overtime determine the weekly pay.
minus [préposition]

used to indicate that a number, quantity, or amount is being subtracted from a total

اجرا کردن

used to indicate that a number, quantity, or amount is being subtracted from a total

Ex: He had 10 cookies minus the ones he gave away .
into [préposition]

used to indicate division

اجرا کردن

dans

Ex: The cake was divided into equal slices .

Le gâteau a été divisé en parts égales.

times [préposition]

used to multiply a number by another

اجرا کردن

fois

Ex: Three times four equals twelve.

Trois fois quatre égale douze.