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Prépositions - Prépositions de quantité et relations mathématiques

Ces prépositions précisent des quantités ou clarifient des fonctions mathématiques dans des phrases.

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Categorized English Prepositions
by
[préposition]

used to indicate the amount or degree by which something is different from another thing

de, par

de, par

Ex: The bullet missed by a few centimeters .
of
[préposition]

used to express a specific amount, age, value, etc.

de

de

Ex: The painting was sold for a of $ 1 million .
in excess of
[préposition]

used to indicate a quantity or amount that surpasses a specified limit

au-delà de, en sus de

au-delà de, en sus de

Ex: The car 's speed in excess of 120 miles per hour .
below
[préposition]

used to indicate a lower amount or degree in comparison to a specific standard or expectation

en dessous de, inférieur à

en dessous de, inférieur à

Ex: Her score was below the required threshold .
near
[préposition]

used to indicate a proximate or close amount

près de, vers

près de, vers

Ex: The recipe near 2 cups of flour .
close to
[préposition]

(of quantities) imprecise but fairly close to correct

près de, environ

près de, environ

Ex: He close to a liter of water after the workout .
less
[préposition]

used to indicate subtraction or the exclusion of something from a total or whole

moins, moins de

moins, moins de

Ex: The total bill was $ 50less a $ 10 discount for members .
on
[préposition]

used to indicate an increase or addition to a particular quantity, amount, or measurement

sur, à

sur, à

Ex: There 's a surcharge of a few on the hotel bill .
in addition to
[préposition]

used to add extra or supplementary information

en plus de

en plus de

Ex: In addition to their regular duties , the team was asked to prepare a presentation for the board meeting .
beside
[préposition]

used to convey the idea of something being in addition to or accompanying the main thing mentioned

en plus de, à côté de

en plus de, à côté de

Ex: Beside her professional commitments , she is also actively involved in charity work .
as well as
[préposition]

used to introduce another item or person that is included in the same category or group as the previous one

ainsi que, également

ainsi que, également

Ex: She speaks as well as French .
on top of
[préposition]

denoting the inclusion of something extra alongside existing tasks, responsibilities, or obligations

en plus de, au-delà de

en plus de, au-delà de

Ex: On top of his work commitments , he 's also coaching his son 's soccer team .
over and above
[préposition]

beyond what is expected, required, or usual

au-delà de, en sus de

au-delà de, en sus de

Ex: They over and above the required amount .
by
[préposition]

used to show the factor or multiplier in a mathematical operation

par, multiplié par

par, multiplié par

Ex: The area of the square is determined by multiplying the length of one by itself .
plus
[préposition]

used to indicate that something is increased by or combined with another thing; with the addition of

plus, en plus de

plus, en plus de

minus
[préposition]

used to show that something is taken away from a total

moins, enlever

moins, enlever

Ex: She paid $minus the discount .
into
[préposition]

used to indicate division

en, dans

en, dans

Ex: The team was into two rival factions .
times
[préposition]

used to multiply a number by another

fois

fois

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