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Body - The Musculoskeletal System

Here you will learn some English words related to the musculoskeletal system, such as "ligament", "hamstring", and "coccyx".

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Words Related to Body
bone
bone
[noun]

any of the hard pieces making up the skeleton in humans and some animals

Ex: The surgeon performed a bone graft to repair the damaged bone.
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joint
joint
[noun]

a place in the body where two bones meet, enabling one of them to bend or move around

Ex: He underwent surgery to repair a damaged joint in his thumb , restoring functionality and relieving pain .
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cartilage
cartilage
[noun]

an elastic tissue that supports or connects joints in an infant and turns into skeleton during growth

Ex: Chondrocytes are cells responsible for producing and maintaining cartilage.
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cartilage bone

a transformed cartilaginous structure that has undergone ossification

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ligament
ligament
[noun]

(anatomy) a strong band of tissue which connects two bones or cartilages or keeps organs in place

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bursa
bursa
[noun]

a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues such as bones, tendons, and muscles

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axial skeleton

the central part of the skeleton that includes the skull, vertebral column, and ribcage

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axial muscle

a single muscle that is located along the central axis of the body, including the head, neck, and trunk

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Achilles tendon

a tendon in the leg that attaches the muscles of the calf to the bone of the heel

Ex: Stretching and strengthening exercises can help prevent injuries to the Achilles tendon by improving flexibility and resilience .
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tendon
tendon
[noun]

(anatomy) an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

Ex: Tendons are composed primarily of collagen fibers .
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skull
skull
[noun]

the bony structure that surrounds and provides protection for a person's or animal's brain

Ex: The skull protects the brain , one of the most vital organs in the body .
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muscle
muscle
[noun]

a piece of body tissue that is made tight or relaxed when we want to move a particular part of our body

Ex: The weightlifter 's strong muscles helped him lift heavy weights .
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hamstring
hamstring
[noun]

(anatomy) one of the five tendons at the back of someone's knee

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abductor
abductor
[noun]

(anatomy) a muscle that moves a part of the body away from its normal position by contraction

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backbone
backbone
[noun]

a line of connected bones going down from your neck to tail bone in the middle of the back

Ex: The yoga instructor emphasized the importance of stretching the backbone in class .
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biceps
biceps
[noun]

the large muscle at the front of the upper part of the arm, which flexes the forearm

Ex: Swelling and pain in the biceps can result from overuse or injury .
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breastbone

a long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs and the shoulder girdle

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cheekbone
cheekbone
[noun]

the bone that is just below the eye

Ex: She admired her grandmother 's high cheekbones, a trait that seemed to run in the family .
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ciliary body

(anatomy) the structure that encloses the inner surface of the eye which consists of the muscle which makes the eye move

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clavicle
clavicle
[noun]

the long, curved bone that connects the shoulder blade to the sternum

Ex: The clavicle helps stabilize shoulder movement .
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collarbone

either of the pair of bones that go across the top of the chest from the base of the neck to the shoulders

Ex: The athlete 's strong collarbone structure helped support the weight of heavy lifting .
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cranium
cranium
[noun]

(anatomy) the bone structure that surrounds and protects the brain

Ex: The cranium is essential for maintaining the shape and structure of the head .
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deltoid
deltoid
[noun]

(anatomy) a large muscle, triangular in shape that covers the shoulder joint and helps the arm to abduct and rotate

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extensor
extensor
[noun]

a muscle that helps a body part or limb be stretched out by contraction

Ex: Physical therapy exercises focused on strengthening the extensor muscles following the patient's knee surgery.
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femur
femur
[noun]

(anatomy) the longest bone in the top part of the human leg between the hip and the knee

Ex: The femur plays a crucial role in supporting the weight of the body and enabling activities such as walking , running , and jumping .
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humerus
humerus
[noun]

(anatomy) a long bone in the arm that extends from the shoulder to the elbow

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fibula
fibula
[noun]

(anatomy) the outer and narrower of the two bones between the ankle and the knee

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flexor
flexor
[noun]

(anatomy) a muscle that allows one to bend a limb or body part by contraction

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jawbone
jawbone
[noun]

either of the bones that form the jaw, particularly the lower jaw

Ex: The chewing motion of the jawbone allows for the grinding and breaking down of food during digestion .
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kneecap
kneecap
[noun]

a small bone that covers the front of the knee joint

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mandible
mandible
[noun]

(anatomy) (zoology) either half of the jawbone, especially the lower jawbone that helps a vertebrate open and close its mouth

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metatarsal

(anatomy) any of the five bones of the foot between the ankle and the toes

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musculature

(biology) the overall arrangement or the system of muscles in a human or an animal's body

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occipital bone

(anatomy) the trapezoidal bone that is at the base and lower back of the cranium, though which the spinal cord passes

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frontal bone

the singular bone located at the front of the skull, forming the forehead and upper eye sockets for structural support and protection

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parietal bone

a cranial bone that forms the sides and roof of the skull, offering protection for the brain

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sphenoid bone

a butterfly-shaped bone, contributing to its structure and housing important structures

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temporal bone

a cranial bone located on the sides and base of the skull, housing the ear structures and contributing to jaw movement

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zygoma
zygoma
[noun]

a facial bone that forms the prominence of the cheek and connects various other facial bones

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zygomatic bone

a facial bone that contributes to the structure of the cheek and forms part of the eye socket

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maxilla
maxilla
[noun]

a facial bone that forms the central part of the face, supporting the upper teeth

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patella
patella
[noun]

(anatomy) a small bone triangular in shape that covers and protects the front part of the knee joint

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pelvis
pelvis
[noun]

(anatomy) the large round bone structure that the limbs and the spine are joined to, which also protects the abdominal organs

Ex: The pelvis is a key component of the human skeletal system , providing support and protection to internal organs .
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quadriceps

(anatomy) any of the four large muscles at the front of the thigh that allow the knee joint to stretch

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quad
quad
[noun]

a muscle at the front of the thigh that helps the knee joint stretch

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radius
radius
[noun]

the outer and slightly shorter of the two bones of the human forearm

Ex: Strength exercises help protect the radius.
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rib
rib
[noun]

each of the curved bones surrounding the chest to protect the organs inside

Ex: The boxer wore protective padding around his ribs to minimize the risk of injury during the match .
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ribcage
ribcage
[noun]

(anatomy) the bony structure in the chest formed by the ribs which protects organs in the thoracic cavity

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sacrum
sacrum
[noun]

(anatomy) a large bone at the lower part of the spinal column between the two hip bones of the pelvis

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shin bone
shin bone
[noun]

the inner and larger bone of the pair of bones between the ankle and the knee

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scapula
scapula
[noun]

(anatomy) each of the pair of triangular bones that connect the humerus to the clavicle

Ex: The scapula has several important bony landmarks , including the acromion and the coracoid process , which serve as attachment points for muscles and ligaments .
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shoulder blade

each of the pair of triangular bones that connect the upper arm bone with the collar bone

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sinew
sinew
[noun]

an elastic cord or band that connects a muscle to a bone

Ex: The sinew plays a crucial role in the body’s mechanics, functioning as the connector between muscle and bone.
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skeleton
skeleton
[noun]

the structure of bones supporting the body of an animal or a person

Ex: Scientists discovered a dinosaur skeleton in the desert .
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spine
spine
[noun]

the row of small bones that are joined together down the center of the back of the body

Ex: In yoga , many poses are designed to improve flexibility and strength in the spine.
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sphincter
sphincter
[noun]

(anatomy) a ring of muscle that can open or close an opening, such as anus, in the body

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sternum
sternum
[noun]

(anatomy) a long flat bone at the center of the chest that connects the ribs to the shoulder girdle

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tail bone
tail bone
[noun]

the small triangular bone at the end of the spinal column in humans or tailless primates

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tarsal
tarsal
[noun]

(anatomy) any of the cluster of seven small bones in the foot between the ankle and upper foot

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thighbone
thighbone
[noun]

the longest bone in the human skeleton which is between the hip and the knee

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tibia
tibia
[noun]

(anatomy) the inner and larger of the two bones between the ankle and the knee

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triceps
triceps
[noun]

(anatomy) the three-headed muscle of the arm that functions as the extensor of the elbow joint

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ulna
ulna
[noun]

(anatomy) the thinner and longer bone of the human forearm extending from the elbow to the wrist

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vertebra
vertebra
[noun]

(anatomy) any of the bony segments and cartilages of the spinal column

Ex: The human spine consists of 33 vertebra, including the coccyx and sacrum .
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ossicle
ossicle
[noun]

a small bone found in the middle ear that helps transmit sound vibrations and facilitate hearing

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fenestra
fenestra
[noun]

an opening or a hole, particularly in a bone structure

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jaw
jaw
[noun]

the lower bone of the face containing the chin and the bottom teeth

Ex: Chewing gum for too long can sometimes cause soreness in the jaw.
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