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Linguistique - Verbes, Temps et Modes

Ici, vous apprendrez quelques mots anglais liés aux verbes, aux temps et aux modes tels que "participe", "modal" et "impératif".

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a verb that is used with other verbs to indicate tense, voice, etc., such as do, have, and be

verbe auxiliaire

verbe auxiliaire

Ex: In the question, "Do you understand?"Dans la question "Comprenez-vous ?", le mot "comprenez" est un **verbe auxiliaire**.

a grammatical tense used to describe actions or events that are expected to happen after the present moment

futur

futur

Ex: She explained how the future tense can indicate predictions or intentions .Elle a expliqué comment le **futur** peut indiquer des prédictions ou des intentions.

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

indicatif

indicatif

Ex: Teachers emphasize the importance of mastering the indicative for fluency in speaking and writing.Les enseignants soulignent l'importance de maîtriser l'**indicatif** pour une expression orale et écrite fluide.

(grammar) the root form of a verb

infinitif

infinitif

Ex: Infinitives are versatile and can be used in various grammatical constructions to express different meanings and functions .Les **infinitifs** sont polyvalents et peuvent être utilisés dans diverses constructions grammaticales pour exprimer différentes significations et fonctions.
modal
[nom]

(grammar) a verb that is used with the main verb of a sentence to indicate possibility, intention, etc., such as can, might, should, etc.

modal

modal

Ex: Modals can sometimes be tricky because their meanings can change depending on the context .Les **modaux** peuvent parfois être délicats car leurs significations peuvent changer selon le contexte.

(grammar) a word made from a verb, used as an adjective or a noun, and also used to make compound verb forms in English

participe

participe

a grammatical form used to describe actions, events, or states that have already occurred or existed in the past

passé

passé

Ex: In the past tense, the verb " eat " changes to " ate . "Au **temps passé**, le verbe "manger" se change en "a mangé".

a form of a verb that "ed", etc. is added to the end of it which is used to form passive or present tenses or adjectives

participe passé

participe passé

Ex: Understanding past participles is crucial for constructing sentences in the past perfect tense .Comprendre les **participes passés** est crucial pour construire des phrases au passé composé.

(grammar) a verb form that shows an action that was completed before another action or time in the past

plus-que-parfait

plus-que-parfait

a grammatical tense used to describe actions or states that are currently happening or are habitual

présent

présent

Ex: In this passage , the author switches to the present tense for added immediacy .Dans ce passage, l'auteur passe au **présent** pour ajouter de l'immédiateté.

(grammar) a verb form that typically ends in -ing and is used to indicate ongoing actions, continuous states, or simultaneous actions in relation to the main verb of a sentence

participe présent

participe présent

Ex: Present participles are also used as adjectives , like " a smiling face . "Les **participes présents** sont également utilisés comme adjectifs, comme dans "un visage souriant".

(grammar) the basic forms of a verb that help create all its tenses

parties principales

parties principales

(grammar) a verb tense that is used to indicate an ongoing state or action

progressif

progressif

(grammar) a mood in verbs that expresses wishes, possibility or uncertainty

subjonctif

subjonctif

a verb form that agrees with the subject in tense, number, and person, indicating actions or states that are specific to a particular time and subject

verbe fini, verbe conjugué

verbe fini, verbe conjugué

the process of inflecting a verb to show its different forms according to tense, aspect, mood, voice, number, and person

conjugaison

conjugaison

Ex: The teacher emphasized the importance of accurate conjugation in written assignments .L'enseignant a souligné l'importance d'une **conjugaison** précise dans les travaux écrits.

a verb that can be used either transitively or intransitively without changing its form

verbe labile, verbe à double construction

verbe labile, verbe à double construction

a verb that indicates that the subject of the verb is also the recipient of the action, typically expressed by using a reflexive pronoun that reflects back to the subject

verbe réfléchi, verbe pronominal

verbe réfléchi, verbe pronominal

a verb that describes an action or event where the subject undergoes a change or experiences a state without actively performing the action, typically indicating an involuntary or spontaneous process

verbe inaccusatif, verbe non accusatif

verbe inaccusatif, verbe non accusatif

a type of auxiliary verb that is used to express modality, indicating the speaker's attitude towards the action or state expressed by the main verb, such as possibility, necessity, ability, or permission

verbe auxiliaire modal, auxiliaire modal

verbe auxiliaire modal, auxiliaire modal

a verb that describes an action or event performed by the subject, indicating an active and voluntary process, without requiring a direct object

verbe inergatif, verbe intransitif actif

verbe inergatif, verbe intransitif actif

(grammar) a verb without a direct object

verbe intransitif

verbe intransitif

Ex: The child giggled uncontrollably , the innocence of laughter exemplifying the joy that an intransitive verb can bring without needing an object .L'enfant a ri de manière incontrôlable, l'innocence du rire illustrant la joie qu'un **verbe intransitif** peut apporter sans avoir besoin d'un objet.

(grammar) a verb that needs a direct object

verbe transitif

verbe transitif

Ex: Transitive verbs often answer the question "what" or "whom" after the action verb.Les **verbes transitifs** répondent souvent à la question « quoi » ou « qui » après le verbe d'action.

a verb that describes an action or event where the subject undergoes a change or experiences a state without an external agent causing the action, typically indicating a spontaneous or natural process

verbe anticausatif, verbe inaccusatif

verbe anticausatif, verbe inaccusatif

a verb that can function both transitively and intransitively, meaning it can take a direct object or be used without a direct object, depending on the context and meaning intended

verbe ambitransitif, verbe à la fois transitif et intransitif

verbe ambitransitif, verbe à la fois transitif et intransitif

a verb that carries the main semantic content in a sentence and conveys the core meaning of the action or state being described

verbe lexical, verbe plein

verbe lexical, verbe plein

a verb that expresses an action or movement performed by the subject of the sentence

verbe d'action, verbe actionnel

verbe d'action, verbe actionnel

a verb that connects the subject of a sentence to a subject complement, which can be a noun, pronoun, or adjective, and it serves to equate or describe the subject

verbe copule, verbe attributif

verbe copule, verbe attributif

a verb that follows a predictable pattern or rule when forming its past tense and past participle forms by adding "-ed" or "-d" to the base form of the verb

verbe régulier, verbe qui suit une règle

verbe régulier, verbe qui suit une règle

a verb that deviates from the standard pattern of forming past tense and past participle forms, requiring unique or modified forms that do not follow a consistent rule

verbe irrégulier, verbe anormal

verbe irrégulier, verbe anormal

a verb that describes a state, condition, or state of being rather than an action or movement

verbe d'état, verbe statif

verbe d'état, verbe statif

(grammar) an idiomatic expression that is formed by a verb and a particle which has a particular meaning

verbe à particule

verbe à particule

Ex: Learning phrasal verbs like " pick up " ( to learn or to gather ) can greatly enhance your English fluency .Apprendre des **verbes à particule** comme "pick up" (apprendre ou ramasser) peut grandement améliorer votre fluidité en anglais.

(grammar) a verb or verb phrase that expresses an order to do something

verbe impératif

verbe impératif

a verb form that does not function as the main verb in a sentence and does not indicate tense, number, or person

verbe non conjugué, verbe non fini

verbe non conjugué, verbe non fini

the mood of a verb that indicates an action that happens only if another action happens or is true

conditionnel

conditionnel

a mood of a verb or phrase that expresses an order

impératif

impératif

Ex: The imperative in "Stay calm" makes it clear that the speaker is giving an order.L'**impératif** dans « Restez calme » montre clairement que l'orateur donne un ordre.

a verb tense that expresses an action that will be completed in the future before a specified point or event

futur antérieur, futur parfait

futur antérieur, futur parfait

a verb tense used to describe habitual actions, general truths, and regular occurrences in the present

présent simple, temps présent simple

présent simple, temps présent simple

a verb tense used to express an action or event that will occur in the future

futur simple, temps futur simple

futur simple, temps futur simple

a verb tense used to describe completed actions or events that happened in the past

passé simple, prétérit simple

passé simple, prétérit simple

a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the present, formed by using the present tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

présent progressif, forme progressive du présent

présent progressif, forme progressive du présent

a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the past, formed by using the past tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

passé progressif, imparfait progressif

passé progressif, imparfait progressif

a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the future, formed by using the future tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

futur progressif, futur continu

futur progressif, futur continu

‌the form of a verb that expresses an action done during a period of time up to and including the present, formed with the present tense of 'have' and the past participle of a verb in English

parfait présent, passé composé

parfait présent, passé composé

a verb tense used to describe ongoing or continuous actions that started in the past and continue into the present, formed by using the present perfect tense of "to have" followed by "been" and the present participle of the main verb

présent parfait progressif, parfait progressif présent

présent parfait progressif, parfait progressif présent

a verb tense used to describe ongoing or continuous actions that started in the past and continued up until another point in the past, formed by using the past perfect tense of "to have" followed by "been" and the present participle of the main verb

plus-que-parfait progressif, passé antérieur progressif

plus-que-parfait progressif, passé antérieur progressif

a verb tense that indicates an ongoing or continuous action that will start in the future and continue until a specific future point

futur antérieur progressif, futur parfait progressif

futur antérieur progressif, futur parfait progressif

a verb that requires both a direct object and an additional complement or object that provides more information or further specifies the action

verbe transitif complexe, verbe transitif à complément

verbe transitif complexe, verbe transitif à complément

a verb that takes both a direct object and an indirect object, indicating that the action of the verb is performed on or transferred to someone or something

verbe ditransitif, verbe à double transitivité

verbe ditransitif, verbe à double transitivité

a verb that is used in certain constructions to fulfill a grammatical function without conveying any significant meaning or action

verbe factice, verbe vide

verbe factice, verbe vide

a verb that can be followed by another verb, either in the form of a bare infinitive or an -ing form, creating a chain or sequence of verbs in a sentence

verbe caténatif, verbe enchaînant

verbe caténatif, verbe enchaînant

voice
[nom]

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

voix

voix

Ex: Understanding when to use active or passive voice is an important aspect of writing effectively and communicating ideas clearly in English grammar.Comprendre quand utiliser la **voix** active ou passive est un aspect important pour écrire efficacement et communiquer des idées clairement en grammaire anglaise.

(in grammar) the form of a verb used when the grammatical subject is affected by the action of the verb, rather than performing it

voix passif

voix passif

Ex: Many scientific papers rely on passive voice to focus on the research rather than the researchers .De nombreux articles scientifiques s'appuient sur la **voix passive** pour se concentrer sur la recherche plutôt que sur les chercheurs.

(grammar) the voice in which the subject is the agent that does the action of the verb

voix active

voix active

a verb that was commonly used in earlier periods of language but is now considered outdated or no longer in common usage

verbe archaïque, verbe désuet

verbe archaïque, verbe désuet

a grammatical mood used to make statements or express facts, opinions, or information

mode déclaratif, indicatif

mode déclaratif, indicatif

a grammatical mood used to convey intense emotions, excitement, surprise, or strong statements, typically marked by the use of exclamation marks and vibrant language to express enthusiasm, astonishment, joy, or other intense feelings

mode exclamatif, humeur exclamative

mode exclamatif, humeur exclamative

a type of conditional sentence that expresses a factual or general truth, where the condition and the result are both in the present tense and the condition is always true, often formed using the present simple tense in both the condition and result clauses

conditionnel zéro, phrase conditionnelle de type zéro

conditionnel zéro, phrase conditionnelle de type zéro

a group of verbs that have some characteristics of modal verbs but also exhibit certain features of regular main verbs in terms of their usage and behavior in sentences

semi-modal, verbe semi-modal

semi-modal, verbe semi-modal

coverb
[nom]

a multi-functional word that combines verb and preposition properties, serving as a single morpheme to express complex ideas in languages like Chinese and Korean

coverbe, mot couverture

coverbe, mot couverture

the property of a verb that indicates whether it takes a direct object or not, determining the number and types of arguments it requires in a sentence

transitivité, la propriété transitive

transitivité, la propriété transitive

a type of verb in which a particle, typically an adverb or a preposition, can be separated from the main verb and placed either before or after the object in a sentence, often resulting in a change in meaning or emphasis

verbe séparable

verbe séparable

a verb form that expresses an action that has been completed prior to another point in time

participe passé, participe parfait

participe passé, participe parfait

a grammatical construction that alters a transitive verb by omitting or demoting the object, shifting the focus to the subject and emphasizing the action or the subject's involvement

voix antipassive, construction antipassive

voix antipassive, construction antipassive

a grammatical construction used to express a passive action without specifying the agent or doer of the action, focusing instead on the action itself or its general occurrence

voix passive impersonnelle, construction passive impersonnelle

voix passive impersonnelle, construction passive impersonnelle

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