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Linguistik - Verb, Tempus och Modus

Här kommer du att lära dig några engelska ord relaterade till verb, tempus och modus såsom "particip", "modal" och "imperativ".

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auxiliary verb
[Substantiv]

a verb that is used with other verbs to indicate tense, voice, etc., such as do, have, and be

hjälpverb

hjälpverb

Ex: In the question , " Do you understand ? " the word " do " is an auxiliary verb.I frågan "Förstår du?" är ordet "förstår" ett **hjälpverb**.
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future tense
[Substantiv]

a grammatical tense used to describe actions or events that are expected to happen after the present moment

futurum, framtidsform

futurum, framtidsform

Ex: She explained how the future tense can indicate predictions or intentions .Hon förklarade hur **futurum** kan indikera förutsägelser eller avsikter.
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indicative
[Substantiv]

(grammar) the mood of a verb that states a fact

indikativ

indikativ

Ex: Teachers emphasize the importance of mastering the indicative for fluency in speaking and writing.Lärare betonar vikten av att behärska **indikativ** för flytande tal och skrift.
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infinitive
[Substantiv]

(grammar) the root form of a verb

infinitiv, grundform av verb

infinitiv, grundform av verb

Ex: Infinitives are versatile and can be used in various grammatical constructions to express different meanings and functions .**Infinitiver** är mångsidiga och kan användas i olika grammatiska konstruktioner för att uttrycka olika betydelser och funktioner.
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modal
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a verb that is used with the main verb of a sentence to indicate possibility, intention, etc., such as can, might, should, etc.

modalt verb, hjälpverb

modalt verb, hjälpverb

Ex: Modals can sometimes be tricky because their meanings can change depending on the context .**Modala verb** kan ibland vara knepiga eftersom deras betydelser kan förändras beroende på sammanhanget.
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participle
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a word made from a verb, used as an adjective or a noun, and also used to make compound verb forms in English

particip, verbform

particip, verbform

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past tense
[Substantiv]

a grammatical form used to describe actions, events, or states that have already occurred or existed in the past

dåtid, förfluten tid

dåtid, förfluten tid

Ex: In the past tense, the verb " eat " changes to " ate . "I **dåtid** ändras verbet "äta" till "åt".
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past participle
[Substantiv]

a form of a verb that "ed", etc. is added to the end of it which is used to form passive or present tenses or adjectives

perfekt particip, perfekt particip av verbet

perfekt particip, perfekt particip av verbet

Ex: Understanding past participles is crucial for constructing sentences in the past perfect tense .Att förstå **perfekt particip** är avgörande för att konstruera meningar i pluskvamperfekt.
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past perfect tense
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a verb form that shows an action that was completed before another action or time in the past

pluskvamperfekt, fördättid

pluskvamperfekt, fördättid

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present tense
[Substantiv]

a grammatical tense used to describe actions or states that are currently happening or are habitual

nutid, presens

nutid, presens

Ex: In this passage , the author switches to the present tense for added immediacy .I denna passage byter författaren till **presens** för att lägga till omedelbarhet.
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present participle
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a verb form that typically ends in -ing and is used to indicate ongoing actions, continuous states, or simultaneous actions in relation to the main verb of a sentence

presens particip, -ande/-ende form

presens particip, -ande/-ende form

Ex: Present participles are also used as adjectives , like " a smiling face . "**Presens particip** används också som adjektiv, som i "ett leende ansikte".
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principal parts
[Substantiv]

(grammar) the basic forms of a verb that help create all its tenses

huvuddelar, verbets grundformer

huvuddelar, verbets grundformer

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progressive tense
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a verb tense that is used to indicate an ongoing state or action

progressiv tid, pågående tid

progressiv tid, pågående tid

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subjunctive mood
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a mood in verbs that expresses wishes, possibility or uncertainty

konjunktiv, subjunktiv

konjunktiv, subjunktiv

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finite verb
[Substantiv]

a verb form that agrees with the subject in tense, number, and person, indicating actions or states that are specific to a particular time and subject

finit verb, böjt verb

finit verb, böjt verb

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conjugation
[Substantiv]

the process of inflecting a verb to show its different forms according to tense, aspect, mood, voice, number, and person

konjugation

konjugation

Ex: The teacher emphasized the importance of accurate conjugation in written assignments .Läraren betonade vikten av korrekt **böjning** i skriftliga uppgifter.
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labile verb
[Substantiv]

a verb that can be used either transitively or intransitively without changing its form

labilt verb, verb med dubbel konstruktion

labilt verb, verb med dubbel konstruktion

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reflexive verb
[Substantiv]

a verb that indicates that the subject of the verb is also the recipient of the action, typically expressed by using a reflexive pronoun that reflects back to the subject

reflexivt verb, återvändsverb

reflexivt verb, återvändsverb

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unaccusative verb
[Substantiv]

a verb that describes an action or event where the subject undergoes a change or experiences a state without actively performing the action, typically indicating an involuntary or spontaneous process

oackusativt verb, icke-ackusativt verb

oackusativt verb, icke-ackusativt verb

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modal auxiliary
[Substantiv]

a type of auxiliary verb that is used to express modality, indicating the speaker's attitude towards the action or state expressed by the main verb, such as possibility, necessity, ability, or permission

modalt hjälpverb, modalt hjälp

modalt hjälpverb, modalt hjälp

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unergative verb
[Substantiv]

a verb that describes an action or event performed by the subject, indicating an active and voluntary process, without requiring a direct object

inergativt verb, aktivt intransitivt verb

inergativt verb, aktivt intransitivt verb

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intransitive verb
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a verb without a direct object

intransitivt verb, verb utan direkt objekt

intransitivt verb, verb utan direkt objekt

Ex: The child giggled uncontrollably , the innocence of laughter exemplifying the joy that an intransitive verb can bring without needing an object .Barnet skrattade okontrollerat, skrattets oskuld som exemplifierar den glädje som ett **intransitivt verb** kan ge utan att behöva ett objekt.
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transitive verb
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a verb that needs a direct object

transitivt verb, verb som behöver ett direkt objekt

transitivt verb, verb som behöver ett direkt objekt

Ex: Transitive verbs often answer the question "what" or "whom" after the action verb.**Transitiva verb** svarar ofta på frågan « vad » eller « vem » efter aktionsverbet.
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anticausative verb
[Substantiv]

a verb that describes an action or event where the subject undergoes a change or experiences a state without an external agent causing the action, typically indicating a spontaneous or natural process

antikausativt verb, inackusativt verb

antikausativt verb, inackusativt verb

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a verb that can function both transitively and intransitively, meaning it can take a direct object or be used without a direct object, depending on the context and meaning intended

ambitransitivt verb, verb som kan fungera både transitivt och intransitivt

ambitransitivt verb, verb som kan fungera både transitivt och intransitivt

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lexical verb
[Substantiv]

a verb that carries the main semantic content in a sentence and conveys the core meaning of the action or state being described

lexikalt verb, fullverb

lexikalt verb, fullverb

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action verb
[Substantiv]

a verb that expresses an action or movement performed by the subject of the sentence

aktionsverb, handlingsverb

aktionsverb, handlingsverb

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linking verb
[Substantiv]

a verb that connects the subject of a sentence to a subject complement, which can be a noun, pronoun, or adjective, and it serves to equate or describe the subject

kopulativt verb, länkverb

kopulativt verb, länkverb

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regular verb
[Substantiv]

a verb that follows a predictable pattern or rule when forming its past tense and past participle forms by adding "-ed" or "-d" to the base form of the verb

regelbundet verb, verb som följer en regel

regelbundet verb, verb som följer en regel

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irregular verb
[Substantiv]

a verb that deviates from the standard pattern of forming past tense and past participle forms, requiring unique or modified forms that do not follow a consistent rule

oregelbundet verb, irreguljärt verb

oregelbundet verb, irreguljärt verb

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stative verb
[Substantiv]

a verb that describes a state, condition, or state of being rather than an action or movement

tillståndsverb, statiskt verb

tillståndsverb, statiskt verb

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phrasal verb
[Substantiv]

(grammar) an idiomatic expression that is formed by a verb and a particle which has a particular meaning

frasverb, partikelverb

frasverb, partikelverb

Ex: Learning phrasal verbs like " pick up " ( to learn or to gather ) can greatly enhance your English fluency .Att lära sig **partikelverb** som "pick up" (lära sig eller samla) kan avsevärt förbättra din engelska flyt.
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imperative verb
[Substantiv]

(grammar) a verb or verb phrase that expresses an order to do something

imperativ verb, imperativ

imperativ verb, imperativ

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non-finite verb
[Substantiv]

a verb form that does not function as the main verb in a sentence and does not indicate tense, number, or person

icke finit verb, oböjligt verb

icke finit verb, oböjligt verb

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the conditional
[Substantiv]

the mood of a verb that indicates an action that happens only if another action happens or is true

konditionalis

konditionalis

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imperative
[Substantiv]

a mood of a verb or phrase that expresses an order

imperativ, befallande form

imperativ, befallande form

Ex: The imperative in "Stay calm" makes it clear that the speaker is giving an order.**Imperativet** i «Var lugn» gör det tydligt att talaren ger en order.
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future perfect
[Substantiv]

a verb tense that expresses an action that will be completed in the future before a specified point or event

futurum exaktum, fullbordat futurum

futurum exaktum, fullbordat futurum

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present simple
[Substantiv]

a verb tense used to describe habitual actions, general truths, and regular occurrences in the present

presens enkel, enkel presens

presens enkel, enkel presens

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future simple
[Substantiv]

a verb tense used to express an action or event that will occur in the future

enkel framtid, framtids enkel tid

enkel framtid, framtids enkel tid

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past simple
[Substantiv]

a verb tense used to describe completed actions or events that happened in the past

preteritum, enkel förfluten tid

preteritum, enkel förfluten tid

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a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the present, formed by using the present tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

presens progressiv, progressiv form av presens

presens progressiv, progressiv form av presens

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past progressive
[Substantiv]

a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the past, formed by using the past tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

dåtid progressiv, förfluten progressiv

dåtid progressiv, förfluten progressiv

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future progressive
[Substantiv]

a verb form indicating ongoing actions or events in the future, formed by using the future tense of "to be" followed by the present participle of the main verb

framtidsprogressiv, framtidskontinuerlig

framtidsprogressiv, framtidskontinuerlig

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present perfect
[Substantiv]

‌the form of a verb that expresses an action done during a period of time up to and including the present, formed with the present tense of 'have' and the past participle of a verb in English

perfekt, presens perfekt

perfekt, presens perfekt

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a verb tense used to describe ongoing or continuous actions that started in the past and continue into the present, formed by using the present perfect tense of "to have" followed by "been" and the present participle of the main verb

presens perfekt progressiv, perfekt progressiv presens

presens perfekt progressiv, perfekt progressiv presens

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a verb tense used to describe ongoing or continuous actions that started in the past and continued up until another point in the past, formed by using the past perfect tense of "to have" followed by "been" and the present participle of the main verb

pluskvamperfekt progressiv, förfluten perfekt kontinuerlig

pluskvamperfekt progressiv, förfluten perfekt kontinuerlig

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a verb tense that indicates an ongoing or continuous action that will start in the future and continue until a specific future point

framtida fullbordad progressiv, framtida fullbordad kontinuerlig

framtida fullbordad progressiv, framtida fullbordad kontinuerlig

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a verb that requires both a direct object and an additional complement or object that provides more information or further specifies the action

komplext transitivt verb, transitivt verb med komplement

komplext transitivt verb, transitivt verb med komplement

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ditransitive verb
[Substantiv]

a verb that takes both a direct object and an indirect object, indicating that the action of the verb is performed on or transferred to someone or something

ditransitivt verb, verb med två objekt

ditransitivt verb, verb med två objekt

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dummy verb
[Substantiv]

a verb that is used in certain constructions to fulfill a grammatical function without conveying any significant meaning or action

dummyverb, tomt verb

dummyverb, tomt verb

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catenative verb
[Substantiv]

a verb that can be followed by another verb, either in the form of a bare infinitive or an -ing form, creating a chain or sequence of verbs in a sentence

katenativt verb, sammanlänkande verb

katenativt verb, sammanlänkande verb

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voice
[Substantiv]

(grammar) the form of a verb that indicates whether the subject does something or something is done to it

röst, verbets röst

röst, verbets röst

Ex: Understanding when to use active or passive voice is an important aspect of writing effectively and communicating ideas clearly in English grammar.Att förstå när man ska använda aktiv eller passiv **diathes** är en viktig aspekt av att skriva effektivt och kommunicera idéer tydligt i engelsk grammatik.
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passive voice
[Substantiv]

(in grammar) the form of a verb used when the grammatical subject is affected by the action of the verb, rather than performing it

passiv form, passivum

passiv form, passivum

Ex: Many scientific papers rely on passive voice to focus on the research rather than the researchers .Många vetenskapliga artiklar förlitar sig på **passiv form** för att fokusera på forskningen snarare än forskarna.
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active voice
[Substantiv]

(grammar) the voice in which the subject is the agent that does the action of the verb

aktiv form, aktiv diates

aktiv form, aktiv diates

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archaic verb
[Substantiv]

a verb that was commonly used in earlier periods of language but is now considered outdated or no longer in common usage

arkaiskt verb, föråldrat verb

arkaiskt verb, föråldrat verb

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declarative mood
[Substantiv]

a grammatical mood used to make statements or express facts, opinions, or information

indikativ, deklarativ modus

indikativ, deklarativ modus

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exclamatory mood
[Substantiv]

a grammatical mood used to convey intense emotions, excitement, surprise, or strong statements, typically marked by the use of exclamation marks and vibrant language to express enthusiasm, astonishment, joy, or other intense feelings

utropsmodus, utropsstämning

utropsmodus, utropsstämning

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zero conditional
[Substantiv]

a type of conditional sentence that expresses a factual or general truth, where the condition and the result are both in the present tense and the condition is always true, often formed using the present simple tense in both the condition and result clauses

nollvillkor, nolltyp av villkorlig mening

nollvillkor, nolltyp av villkorlig mening

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semi-modal
[Substantiv]

a group of verbs that have some characteristics of modal verbs but also exhibit certain features of regular main verbs in terms of their usage and behavior in sentences

semimodalt, semimodalt verb

semimodalt, semimodalt verb

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coverb
[Substantiv]

a multi-functional word that combines verb and preposition properties, serving as a single morpheme to express complex ideas in languages like Chinese and Korean

coverb, täckord

coverb, täckord

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transitivity
[Substantiv]

the property of a verb that indicates whether it takes a direct object or not, determining the number and types of arguments it requires in a sentence

transitivitet, egenskapen hos ett verb som anger om det tar ett direkt objekt eller inte

transitivitet, egenskapen hos ett verb som anger om det tar ett direkt objekt eller inte

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separable verb
[Substantiv]

a type of verb in which a particle, typically an adverb or a preposition, can be separated from the main verb and placed either before or after the object in a sentence, often resulting in a change in meaning or emphasis

separerbart verb

separerbart verb

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perfect participle
[Substantiv]

a verb form that expresses an action that has been completed prior to another point in time

perfekt particip, perfekt participium

perfekt particip, perfekt participium

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antipassive voice
[Substantiv]

a grammatical construction that alters a transitive verb by omitting or demoting the object, shifting the focus to the subject and emphasizing the action or the subject's involvement

antipassiv röst, antipassiv konstruktion

antipassiv röst, antipassiv konstruktion

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a grammatical construction used to express a passive action without specifying the agent or doer of the action, focusing instead on the action itself or its general occurrence

opersonlig passiv form, opersonlig passiv konstruktion

opersonlig passiv form, opersonlig passiv konstruktion

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